【亚洲•韩国】羌羌水越来（圆圈舞）非物质文化遗产项目

 韩国作为传统的稻作农业国家，几乎所有的生活基层都是以稻作文化为基础的。羌羌水越来是体现韩国稻作文化的最具代表性的风俗之一。
  羌羌水越来随着在韩半岛的西海和南海的海路而广泛分布，内陆也有受羌羌水越来影响的踩铜桥和月月儿青青等的圆形歌舞游戏流传下来，因此可视其为韩半岛最具象征性的歌舞游戏。
 

  羌羌水越来是以人们手拉手组成圆圈为基本队形，结合各种游戏来进行的歌舞游戏。之所以称它为羌羌水越来，是因为歌的每一小节都会出现一句“羌羌水越来”。但是‘羌羌水越来'的意思却没有确切的解释。原本是15岁到20岁青年人的歌舞游戏，主要由未婚的青年人参加，刚刚结婚的年轻人也可以参与。

  村乡居民表演的羌羌水越来已被指定为非物质文化遗产，当时的成员如今仍在演出，由40-50岁的妇女组成，与年轻人充满生机活力、富有创意动感的舞蹈相比，传统的舞姿具有熟练技巧的感觉。
  传统的羌羌水越来一般是在韩国最具代表性的四个节日：春节、正月十五、端午、百中、中秋、阴历9月9日晚上演出，特别是8月中秋节晚上举行大规模的羌羌水越来。

由此，羌羌水越来逐渐发展成大韩民国的“中秋节”晚上的民俗表演舞蹈。明亮的圆月之下，数十名年轻女性手拉着手在村子里比较空旷的地方，围成圆圈载歌载舞。天空中升起的圆月和地上围成圆圈跳舞的姑娘们的形态类似。太阳象征男性，月亮象征女性，而且女性的身体特征表现为圆形，所以由女性参与的羌羌水越来是原始美学类感咒术特性显著的一种表演艺术。

  羌羌水越来是以歌、舞、音乐三位一体的形态形成的原始综合艺术，是韩国特有的ballad dance(三节联韵诗舞)。由跳舞的女性中擅长演唱的一人先唱，再由所有的人后唱，形成先后唱的形式，姑娘们随歌声，拉着手组成圆圈载歌载舞。羌羌水越来把民谣和民俗舞蹈融为一体，不断以鼓和长鼓等韩国传统农乐器伴奏，增强了民俗音乐的趣味。
  羌羌水越来从傍晚皓月初升时起，直到月落西山为止，持续载歌载舞。并按先唱者音调的快慢，分为慢羌羌水越来、中羌羌水越来、快羌羌水越来，随着乐曲的快慢，拉着手跳舞的姑娘们的脚步快慢也有所不同。这三种羌羌水越来形态相同，只是速度有所不同，其中还穿插着乌龟游戏、掐蕨菜、编青鱼、踩屋瓦、卷草席、抓小老鼠、大门游戏、抬轿子、找手绢、捉迷藏等的附加游戏。

  而且通宵进行，变换歌词，歌词中包含了反映女性生活的哀怨的民众诗，是富有文学性的口碑文学。
  羌羌水越来的原型出自两千年前韩国古代国家“马韩”有关农业的民俗，中国的古代史书上面有记载。这类蕴含了丰富的古代历史，并传承到今天的非物质文化遗产，在人类史上实属罕见。
羌羌水越来的众多歌词中，有很多尖锐批判社会的内容，还有很多反映日本强占期殖民地人民抵抗意识的歌词。因此羌羌水越来在欢度节日的团体女性民俗舞蹈中，发挥了社会文化的作用。通过世代传承，也起到了形成和强化女性本性的作用。

  但是，如今的农村已经很难再见到羌羌水越来了。因为弃农现象严重，会跳羌羌水越来的年轻妇女几乎不复存在。另一方面，由于韩国的现代化、西化倾向严重，传统文化习俗传承工作开展得不太活跃。因此国家在1966年把羌羌水越来指定为重要非物质文化遗产，以保护其原貌。在文化政策及教育政策的支援下，羌羌水越来正走向全国化、现代化。

As a traditional rice farming country, almost all the basic living units in Korea are based on rice culture. Qiang River is increasingly one of the most representative customs reflecting Korean rice culture.

Qiang River is more and more widely distributed along the sea routes in the West and South China Seas of the Korean Peninsula. In the interior, circular dance and song games such as trampling bronze bridges and Yue'er Qing Qing, which are increasingly influenced by Qiang River, are also handed down, so they can be regarded as the most symbolic dance and song games in the Korean Peninsula.

Qiangshui is more and more a singing and dancing game which is based on people forming circles hand in hand and combining various games. The reason why it is called Qiang River is that every section of the song will appear a phrase "Qiang River is coming more and more". However, there is no definite explanation for the meaning of "more and more Qiang water". Originally a song and dance game for young people aged 15 to 20, it is mainly attended by unmarried young people, and young people who have just married can also participate.

Qiangshui performed by villagers has been designated as intangible cultural heritage. The members of the time are still performing. They are composed of women aged 40-50. Compared with young people's lively and creative dances, traditional dances have a sense of skillfulness.

Traditional Qiangshui is usually performed on the evenings of the Spring Festival, the 15th day of the first lunar month, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Baizhong, the Mid-Autumn Festival and the 9th lunar month, especially on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival in August.As a result, Qiangshui has gradually developed into a folk dance performance on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Republic of Korea. Under the bright full moon, dozens of young women hand in hand in the village's relatively empty place, surrounded by a circle singing and dancing. The full moon rising in the sky resembles the girls dancing in circles on the ground. The sun symbolizes men, the moon symbolizes women, and women's physical characteristics are circular. Therefore, Qiang River, which is participated by women, is increasingly a performing art with remarkable characteristics of primitive aesthetic incantation.

Qiangqiang River is a primitive comprehensive art formed by the trinity of song, dance and music. It is a unique ballad dance in Korea. By the dancing women who are good at singing first, then by all the people singing, forming a form of singing one after another, girls singing, holding hands to form a circle to sing and dance. Qiangshui increasingly integrates folk songs and folk dances, constantly accompanied by traditional Korean agricultural instruments such as drums and long drums, which enhances the interest of folk music.

The Qiang River continued to sing and dance from the beginning of the Haoyue in the evening until the moon set in the western mountains. And according to the speed of the first singer's tone, it can be divided into slow Qiang water coming, medium Qiang water coming and fast Qiang water coming. With the speed of the music, the pace of the girls who hold hands to dance is also different. These three kinds of Qiang water are becoming more and more identical in form, but at different speeds. They are also interspersed with additional games such as turtle games, fern pinching, braided herring, roofing tiles, rolled grass mats, catching mice, gate games, carrying sedan chairs, looking for handkerchiefs, hide-and-seek and so on.

And all night long, changing the lyrics, lyrics containing the sad folk poetry reflecting women's life, is a literary word-of-mouth literature.

The prototype of Qiang River came from the agricultural folklore of the ancient Korean country "Ma and Han" two thousand years ago. It is recorded in the ancient history books of China. This kind of intangible cultural heritage, which contains abundant ancient history and is inherited to today, is rare in human history.

Among the more and more lyrics of Qiangshui, there are many sharp criticisms of society, and many lyrics reflecting the resistance consciousness of colonial people during the Japanese occupation period. Therefore, Qiang River has played a more and more social and cultural role in the group female folk dance celebrating festivals. Through generations of inheritance, it also plays a role in forming and strengthening women's nature.

However, it is very difficult to see Qiang River coming again in the countryside nowadays. Because of the serious phenomenon of abandoning agriculture, the young women who jump into the Qiang River almost disappear. On the other hand, due to the serious tendency of modernization and Westernization in Korea, the inheritance of traditional culture and customs is not very active. Therefore, in 1966, the state designated Qiang River as an important intangible cultural heritage to protect its original appearance. With the support of cultural and educational policies, Qiang River is becoming more and more nationalized and modernized.