【非洲· 中非共和国】阿卡俾格米人复调演唱中非阿卡俾格米人的复调演唱 The Polyphonic Singing of the Aka Pygmies of Central Africa（2008）

阿卡俾格米居民生活在中非共和国的西南部。他们的音乐传统完全不同于周边民族，并且区别于非洲大陆上任何地方的音乐。这是一种非常复杂的四声部的复调音乐。尤其不同凡响的是，所有阿卡人，都通晓这种声乐技巧。
　　音乐和舞蹈向来都与阿卡居民的社会文化活动密不可分。具体地说，它们是阿卡地区各种活动的有机组成部分。各种与狩猎、集会、新营地落成、葬礼等有关的仪式或活动都少不了这种艺术。
　　与记谱的复调音乐不同，阿卡俾格米人表演的这种复调声乐允许演唱者即兴发挥。他们创造了十分复杂的音乐形式，在表演的过程中，每个演唱者都可以变换声音，产生大量的变调，让听众感到音乐在持续不断地变化。这种演唱一般要用打击乐和弦乐伴奏，不同的场合用不同的乐器。在手工制作的乐器中，最常用的有堂堂鼓(enzeko)、一种竖琴（geedalebagongo）和一种单弦弓(mbela)。他们唱歌为的是传承知识，从而增强集体凝聚力、保持群体价值观。舞蹈则伴随掌声的节奏来表演，有些是男性舞蹈，另一些是男女对舞，也有独舞，根据仪式而定。阿卡俾格米人的口头传统世世代代完全依靠口头传承。儿童在十分年幼的时候就参加仪式活动，使得这种音乐知识在整个族群中保存下来。

Akagami residents live in the southwestern part of the Central African Republic. Their musical traditions are completely different from those of the surrounding people and are different from music anywhere on the African continent. This is a very complex four-part polyphonic music. What is especially remarkable is that all Aka people are familiar with this vocal skill. Music and dance have always been inseparable from the social and cultural activities of Aka residents. Specifically, they are an integral part of the various activities in the Aka region. This kind of art is indispensable for various ceremonies or activities related to hunting, gatherings, new camps, funerals, etc. Unlike the polyphonic music of the notation, this polyphonic vocal performance performed by the Aka Pygmies allows the singer to improvise. They created a very complex form of music. During the performance, each singer can change the sound and produce a lot of transpositions, so that the audience feels that the music is constantly changing. This kind of singing generally uses percussion and string accompaniment, and different instruments are used in different occasions. Among the hand-made instruments, the most commonly used are the enzeko, the geedalebagongo and the mbela. They sing to pass on knowledge, thereby enhancing collective cohesion and maintaining group values. The dance is performed with the rhythm of applause. Some are male dances, others are male and female dances, and there are solo dances, depending on the ceremony. The oral tradition of the Aka Pygmies relies entirely on verbal inheritance for generations. Children participate in ceremonies at very young ages, so that this musical knowledge is preserved throughout the community.