【非洲· 多哥】热莱德口头遗产 The Oral Heritage of Gelede（2008）

一个多世纪以来，每年收获季节以后，或遇有重要活动，干旱或流行病发生时，约鲁巴•纳戈族和部分马希族、丰族人都要跳舞或举行传统典礼活动。这种演出以其雕刻面具而别开生面，演员戴着它，唱着约鲁巴语的歌曲，叙述约鲁巴•纳戈民族的历史和传奇神话故事。演出前有大量的工艺准备工作：雕塑面具和制作服装。整个族群分成男女两组，各由一名男女领队负责（由妇女负责面具制作的群体，只此一家）。仪式通常是在半夜开始，舞蹈者在附近房屋做准备，穿上服装后在广场上演出。歌手首先出场，由一位鼓手伴奏，然后是舞蹈演员出场，乐队随行。节目一般是讽刺和嘲弄，特别是借助讽刺面具谴责种种越轨行为。热莱德起源于从母系社会到父系社会的过渡时期，传说用这种舞蹈安抚失落的母亲们，并向始祖母依亚•尼亚和祖先的神灵表示敬意。动物的形象常被采用，诸如蛇——权力的象征，鸟——“母亲们”的使者.

For more than a century, after the annual harvest season, or when there are important activities, droughts or epidemics, the Yoruba Nago and some Mahi and Feng people dance or hold traditional ceremonies. This performance is distinguished by its sculptural mask. The actor wears it and sings the songs of Yoruba, describing the history and legendary myths of the Yoruba Nago. There was a lot of work preparation before the show: sculpting masks and making costumes. The entire ethnic group is divided into two groups, male and female, each led by a male and female leader (the group responsible for mask making by women, the only one). The ceremony usually begins in the middle of the night, and the dancers prepare in the nearby houses, put on the costumes and perform in the square. The singer first appeared, accompanied by a drummer, then a dancer, and the band followed. The show is generally ironic and ridiculous, especially with the use of satirical masks to condemn all kinds of deviant behavior. Gerard originated from the transitional period from the matriarchal society to the patriarchal society. It is said that this dance is used to appease the lost mothers and pay tribute to the gods of the first grandmother, Iaia and the ancestors. The image of animals is often used, such as the snake - the symbol of power, the bird - the messenger of the "mothers."