【美洲•洪都拉斯】加利弗那语言、舞蹈和音乐 Language, Dance and Music of the Garifuna（2008年）

加利弗那是由加勒比土著与祖籍非洲的族群杂居混和而形成的文化群体，他们于1797年被迫离开圣文森特岛，逃亡到中美洲的大西洋沿岸，现散居在洪都拉斯、危地马拉、尼加拉瓜和伯利兹等地。加利弗那语属于阿拉瓦人语系，历经数百年的迫害和语言上的霸权，而存活下来。这种语言内涵丰富的故事，起初在守夜或群众集会上讲述故事时使用。今天，这一语言用得越来越少，讲故事的艺术也濒临失传。加利弗那语言与歌舞有着非常密切的联系。音乐的旋律融合了非洲和美洲印第安的元素，歌词则成为加利弗那人的历史和传统知识的载体，如木薯种植、捕鱼、独木舟制作和用陶土建筑房屋。他们的舞蹈经常用三种不同的鼓伴奏，遇有仪式庆典，观众也参与其间，与表演者共舞。这些歌词含有大量的讽喻，专门用于讽刺某些行为表现。
California is a mixed cultural group of Caribbean natives and peoples of African origin who were forced to leave st. Vincent island in 1797 and fled to the Atlantic coast of Central America. They are now scattered in Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Belize. California belongs to the arava language family, which survived centuries of persecution and linguistic hegemony. This richly texted story was first told at a vigil or at a mass gathering. Today, the language is used less and less, and the art of storytelling is on the verge of extinction. The language of California is very closely related to singing and dancing. The music melody blends African and American Indian elements, while the lyrics become vehicles for the history and traditional knowledge of the people of California, such as cassava cultivation, fishing, canoe-making and pottery building. Their dances are often accompanied by three different kinds of drums. When there is a ceremony, the audience also participates in it and dances with the performers. These lyrics contain a great deal of allegorical meaning and are intended to satirize certain ACTS.