【美洲·哥伦比亚】帕兰克-德-圣巴西里奥的文化空间 Cultural space of Palenque de San Basilio（2008年）

“Palenque de San Basilio村，人口约3500人，位于该地区首府卡塔赫纳东南部的蒙特马利亚山麓。Palenque de San Basilio是一个被称为palenques的有围墙社区，由逃亡奴隶在17世纪作为避难所建立巴伦克斯（palenques）在过去存在，只有圣巴西里奥（San Basilio）幸存至今。它发展成为一个独特的文化空间。

帕伦克·德圣·巴西里奥的文化空间包括社会、医疗和宗教实践以及音乐和口述传统，其中许多都有非洲根源。社区的社会组织基于家庭网络和年龄组，称为“马夸格罗”。kuagro成员对其他集团成员享有一系列权利和义务，并需要强大的内部团结。日常工作和特殊活动由所有kuagro成员共同承担。

复杂的葬礼仪式和医疗实践证明了帕伦克社区独特的精神和文化体系构成了生死的框架。在集体庆祝活动中，如洗礼、婚礼、宗教庆典以及休闲活动，都会伴随着布勒尼日·森塔多（Bullenge sentado）、儿子帕伦奎罗（Son Palenkero）或儿子德内格罗（Son de negro）等音乐表达。

Palenque de San Basilio文化空间的中心是Palenkero语言，这是拉丁美洲唯一一种克里奥尔语，具有西班牙语词汇基础和班图语的语法特征。语言是加强社区成员之间社会凝聚力的重要因素。

帕伦克的文化空间不仅受到影响当地生产方式的经济变化的威胁，还受到哥伦比亚准军事组织和当地游击队之间的武装冲突的威胁。在帕伦克以外，居民通常受到歧视和种族成见，导致他们的文化价值观遭到否定。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The village of Palenque de San Basilio, with a population of about 3,500 inhabitants, is located in the foothills of the Montes de María, southeast of the regional capital, Cartagena. Palenque de San Basilio was one of the walled communities called palenques, which were founded by escaped slaves as a refuge in the seventeenth century. Of the many palenques that existed in former times, only San Basilio has survived until the present day. It developed into a unique cultural space.

The Cultural Space of Palenque de San Basilio encompasses social, medical and religious practices as well as musical and oral traditions, many of which have African roots. The social organization of the community is based on family networks and age groups called ma kuagro. The kuagro membership comes with a set of rights and duties towards other group members and entails strong internal solidarity. Daily work and special events are jointly undertaken by all kuagro members.

The complex funeral rituals and medical practices are evidence of the distinct spiritual and cultural systems framing life and death in the Palenque community. Musical expressions such as the Bullernege sentado, Son palenquero or Son de negro accompany collective celebrations, such as baptisms, weddings and religious festivities as well as leisure activities.

Central to the cultural space of Palenque de San Basilio is the palenquero language, the only creole language in Latin America with a lexical Spanish basis and grammatical characteristics of Bantu languages. The language constitutes a vital factor in reinforcing social cohesion among community members.

The cultural space of Palenque is not only threatened by economic changes that affect local modes of production, but also by the armed conflict between Colombian paramilitary and local guerrilla groups. Outside Palenque, inhabitants are commonly subjected to discrimination and ethnic stereotyping leading to a denial of their cultural values.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region