【美洲·哥伦比亚】巴兰基亚狂欢节Carnival of Barranquilla（2008年）

“每年在四旬斋前的四天里，巴兰基拉狂欢节都会提供源于哥伦比亚不同亚文化的舞蹈和音乐表演。由于其地理位置位于加勒比海沿岸，以及殖民时期的商业发展，巴兰基拉市成为最受欢迎的城市之一这里是该国最繁忙的贸易中心，也是欧洲、非洲和土著民族和文化交汇的地方。

各种当地传统的融合渗透到嘉年华的许多方面，尤其是舞蹈（例如来自美洲、非洲刚果和西班牙起源的帕洛托的米科和米卡舞），音乐类型（主要的康比亚和变奏，如普亚和波罗）和民间乐器（坦波拉和快板鼓、马拉卡、克拉维等）。狂欢节音乐通常由鼓乐队或演奏各种管乐器的团体演奏。手工制品的丰富物质文化包括彩车、服装、头饰和动物面具。一群化装舞者、演员、歌手和乐器演奏家根据历史和当前事件进行戏剧和音乐表演，以取悦观众。当代政治生活和人物通过嘲讽的演讲和歌词进行讽刺，为狂欢节增添了滑稽的气氛。

随着巴兰基拉狂欢节在二十世纪的日益成功，它披上了专业活动的外衣，受到了广泛的媒体报道。这一发展为许多低收入家庭带来了经济利益，但日益增长的商业化可能同时对许多传统表达构成威胁。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Every year during the four days before Lent, the Carnival de Barranquilla offers a repertory of dances and musical expressions originating from different Colombian sub-cultures. Because of its geographical location situated on the Caribbean coast and the commercial development during the colonial period, the city of Barranquilla became one of the country’s busiest trading centres and a place where European, African, and indigenous peoples and cultures converged.

The blending of various local traditions permeates numerous aspects of the carnival, particularly dances (as exemplified by the mico y micas from the Americas, the African congo and the paloteo of Spanish origin), musical genres (the predominant cumbia and variants such as the puya and porro) and folk instruments (tambora and allegre drums, maraca, claves, etc.). Carnival music is generally performed by drum ensembles or by groups playing a variety of wind instruments. The profuse material culture of handcrafted objects includes floats, costumes, head ornaments and animal masks. Groups of masqueraded dancers, actors, singers and instrumentalists delight crowds with theatrical and musical performances based on historical as well as current events. Contemporary political life and figures are satirized through mocking speeches and song lyrics that lend a burlesque atmosphere to the carnival.

With its growing success in the twentieth century, Barranquilla’s carnival took on the trappings of a professional event, receiving wide media coverage. This development generates economic benefits for many low-income families, but the growing commercialisation may at the same time constitute a threat to the many traditional expressions.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region