【美洲•巴西 】巴亥瑞康卡乌的圆圈桑巴舞 The Samba de Roda of the Recôncavo of Bahia（2008年）

圆圈桑巴舞，是巴西诸多桑巴舞中的一种，意为将音乐、舞蹈、编舞、诗歌和节日活动融为一体的桑巴舞。它最早出现在巴亥州的瑞康卡乌地区，起源于当地非洲奴隶的舞蹈和文化习俗。而后，葡萄牙文化的因素，如语言、诗歌的特殊形式、乐器等，融入进来并改变了节奏和编舞。圆圈桑巴舞被认为是弱势族群身份与自由的象征。虽然外来影响不少，圆圈桑巴舞基本保持了非裔巴西人的音乐形态，并成为这一地区流行文化的见证。
　　所有参与者围成圆圈，是圆圈桑巴的主要特点之一。很多场合都有这种桑巴表演，如流行的天主教庆典、北美印第安人或非裔巴西人的宗教仪式等，也可以在室内或室外进行即兴表演。所有参与者，包括初学者都被邀请加入舞蹈的行列，边观察边模仿。通常，舞者为妇女，一个接一个上前，其他人拍着手，舞成一个圈。圆圈桑巴最典型的动作是Umbigada——即班图文明的见证，圈中心的舞者邀请下一位进入圈中心。圆圈桑巴与其他形式的区别，是称为miudinho的特殊步法、中提琴（machete）的使用、小型葡萄牙吉他和短小重复对句的诗歌演唱。
The circle samba is one of many samba dances in Brazil, which means music, dance, choreography, poetry and festival activities. It first appeared in the ruikangkaou area of bahai state, originated from the local African slave dance and cultural customs. Later, factors of Portuguese culture, such as language, special forms of poetry and Musical Instruments, were incorporated and changed the rhythm and choreography. The circle samba is considered a symbol of the identity and freedom of the disadvantaged. Despite the influence of outsiders, the circle samba largely retains the music shape of African brazilians and is a testament to the region's popular culture.
All participants form a circle, which is one of the main features of the circle samba. There are many occasions for this samba performance, such as popular Catholic celebrations, north American Indian or African Brazilian religious rituals, etc., can also be in the indoor or outdoor improvisation. All participants, including beginners, were invited to join the dance, observing and imitating. Usually, dancers for women, one by one, come forward, others clap their hands and dance in a circle. The most typical movement of the circle samba is Umbigada -- the witness of Bantu civilization -- in which the dancer at the center of the circle invites the next person to enter the center of the circle. The difference between the circle samba and other forms is the special footwork called miudinho, the use of the viola (machete), the small Portuguese guitar, and the singing of poetry in short repetitions.