【亚洲·蒙古国】蒙古传统节日那达慕 Naadam, Mongolian traditional festival（2010年）

Naadam（那达慕）是蒙古国每年7月11日至13日举行的全国性节日，主要集中在三项传统运动上：赛马、摔跤和射箭。蒙古人那达慕与蒙古人的游牧文明有着不可分割的联系，蒙古人长期以来在中亚广袤的草原上从事畜牧业。口头传统、表演艺术、民族美食、工艺和文化形式，如长歌、Khömei泛音演唱、Bie biyelgee舞蹈和Morin khuur小提琴，也在Naadam（那达慕）期间占据显著地位。蒙古族在节日期间遵循特殊的仪式和习俗，比如穿着独特的服装，使用独特的工具和体育用品。节日参与者尊敬参加比赛的运动员、女运动员和儿童，获奖者因其成就而获得奖励。仪式上的赞美歌曲和诗歌是献给参赛者的。每个人都被允许并鼓励参与Naadam（那达慕），从而培养社区参与和团结。这三种类型的运动与蒙古族的生活方式和生活条件直接相关，传统上，这三种运动通过家庭成员的家庭教育进行传播，尽管最近已经为摔跤和射箭制定了正式的训练方案。纳亚当的仪式和习俗也强调对自然和环境的尊重。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Naadam is a national festival celebrated every year from 11 to 13 July across Mongolia that focuses on three traditional games: horseracing, wrestling and archery. Mongolian Naadam is inseparably connected to the nomadic civilization of the Mongols, who have long practiced pastoralism on Central Asia’s vast steppe. Oral traditions, performing arts, national cuisine, craftsmanship, and cultural forms such as long song, Khöömei overtone singing, Bie biyelgee dance and Morin khuur fiddle also feature prominently during Naadam. Mongolians follow special rituals and practices during the festival, such as wearing unique costumes and using distinctive tools and sporting items. Festival participants revere the sportsmen, sportswomen, and children who compete, and winners are rewarded titles for their achievements. Ritual praise songs and poems are dedicated to the contestants in the events. Everyone is allowed and encouraged to participate in Naadam, thus nurturing community involvement and togetherness. The three types of sports are directly linked with the lifestyles and living conditions of the Mongols and their transmission is traditionally undertaken through home-schooling by family members, although formalized training regimens have recently developed for wrestling and archery. The rituals and customs of Naadam also accentuate respect for nature and the environment.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region