【亚洲·印度】拉贾斯坦邦卡贝利亚民间歌舞 Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan（2010年）

歌舞是Kalbelia社区传统生活方式的表现。Kalbelia曾经是专业的蛇类驯兽师，如今它让人想起了他们以前在音乐和舞蹈方面的职业，这些职业正在以新的、创造性的方式发展。如今，穿着流淌的黑色裙子的女性跳舞、打旋，模仿着蛇的动作，而男性则用康贾里打击乐器和传统上用来捕捉蛇的木管乐器Pongi伴奏。舞者们穿着传统的纹身设计、珠宝和用小镜子和银线绣成的华丽服装。Kalbelia歌曲通过故事传播神话知识，而特殊的传统舞蹈则在色彩节Holi期间表演。这些歌曲还展示了卡尔贝利亚人的诗意敏锐，他们以自发作词和在表演中即兴创作歌曲而闻名。这些歌曲和舞蹈代代相传，是口头传统的一部分，没有任何文本或培训手册。歌舞是Kalbelia社区的骄傲，也是他们在传统旅行生活方式和在农村社会中的作用正在减弱之际身份认同的标志。他们展示了他们的社区试图振兴其文化遗产，并使其适应不断变化的社会经济条件。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Songs and dances are an expression of the Kalbelia community’s traditional way of life. Once professional snake handlers, Kalbelia today evoke their former occupation in music and dance that is evolving in new and creative ways. Today, women in flowing black skirts dance and swirl, replicating the movements of a serpent, while men accompany them on the khanjari percussion instrument and the poongi, a woodwind instrument traditionally played to capture snakes. The dancers wear traditional tattoo designs, jewellery and garments richly embroidered with small mirrors and silver thread. Kalbelia songs disseminate mythological knowledge through stories, while special traditional dances are performed during Holi, the festival of colours. The songs also demonstrate the poetic acumen of the Kalbelia, who are reputed to compose lyrics spontaneously and improvise songs during performances. Transmitted from generation to generation, the songs and dances form part of an oral tradition for which no texts or training manuals exist. Song and dance are a matter of pride for the Kalbelia community, and a marker of their identity at a time when their traditional travelling lifestyle and role in rural society are diminishing. They demonstrate their community’s attempt to revitalize its cultural heritage and adapt it to changing socioeconomic conditions.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region