【亚洲·印度】查乌舞Chhau dance（2010年）

Chhau舞蹈是来自印度东部的一项传统，它改编自史诗，包括《摩诃婆罗多》和《罗摩衍那》、当地民间传说和抽象主题。它的三种截然不同的风格来自Seraikella、Purulia和Mayurbhanj地区，前两种使用口罩。Chhau舞蹈与地区节日密切相关，尤其是春节Chaitra Parva。它的起源可以追溯到当地的舞蹈和武术形式。它的动作词汇包括模拟战斗技巧、鸟类和动物的程式化步态，以及模仿农村家庭主妇家务劳动的动作。Chhau是为来自传统艺术家家庭或当地社区的男性舞蹈演员而开设的。舞蹈在夜间在一个开放的空间里进行，伴随着传统和民间的旋律，在莫胡里和谢奈的芦笛上演奏。各种鼓的回响鼓声主导着伴奏的乐团。Chhau是这些社区文化不可分割的一部分。它将来自不同社会阶层和民族背景、具有不同社会习俗、信仰、职业和语言的人们联系在一起。然而，日益增长的工业化、经济压力和新媒体正在导致集体参与的减少，社区与它们的根源脱节。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Chhau dance is a tradition from eastern India that enacts episodes from epics including the Mahabharata and Ramayana, local folklore and abstract themes. Its three distinct styles hail from the regions of Seraikella, Purulia and Mayurbhanj, the first two using masks. Chhau dance is intimately connected to regional festivals, notably the spring festival Chaitra Parva. Its origin is traceable to indigenous forms of dance and martial practices. Its vocabulary of movement includes mock combat techniques, stylized gaits of birds and animals and movements modelled on the chores of village housewives. Chhau is taught to male dancers from families of traditional artists or from local communities. The dance is performed at night in an open space to traditional and folk melodies, played on the reed pipes mohuri and shehnai. The reverberating drumbeats of a variety of drums dominate the accompanying music ensemble. Chhau is an integral part of the culture of these communities. It binds together people from different social strata and ethnic background with diverse social practices, beliefs, professions and languages. However, increasing industrialization, economic pressures and new media are leading to a decrease in collective participation with communities becoming disconnected from their roots.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region