【亚洲·印度】拉曼：印度喜马拉雅山脉加瓦尔的宗教节日和仪式戏剧表演 Ramman, religious festival and ritual theatre of the Garhwal Himalayas, India（2009年）

每年4月下旬，印度北部乌塔拉汗州萨鲁尔·邓格拉的两个村庄都会举行拉曼节，这是一个纪念监护神普密亚·德夫塔的宗教节日，普密亚·德夫塔是当地的一个神灵，其寺庙里举行了大部分的庆祝活动。这个活动由非常复杂的仪式组成：朗诵罗摩史诗和各种传说的版本，以及表演歌曲和蒙面舞蹈。节日由村民组织，每个种姓和职业群体都有不同的角色。例如，年轻人和老年人表演，婆罗门人主持祈祷和仪式，班达里人——代表克沙特里亚种姓的当地人——有权佩戴最神圣的面具之一，即半人半狮的印度教神纳拉西姆哈的面具。在一年中接待普密亚·德夫塔的家庭必须遵守严格的日常惯例。拉曼是一个集戏剧、音乐、历史重建、传统口头和书面故事于一体的多种形式的文化活动，反映了社区的环境、精神和文化理念，讲述了社区的创始神话，增强了社区的自我价值感。为了确保它仍然可行，社区的优先事项是促进它的传播，并在实施它的地理区域之外获得它的承认。

2009年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Every year in late April, the twin villages of Saloor-Dungra in the state of Uttarakhand (northern India) are marked by Ramman, a religious festival in honour of the tutelary god, Bhumiyal Devta, a local divinity whose temple houses most of the festivities. This event is made up of highly complex rituals: the recitation of a version of the epic of Rama and various legends, and the performance of songs and masked dances. The festival is organized by villagers, and each caste and occupational group has a distinct role. For example, youth and the elders perform, the Brahmans lead the prayers and perform the rituals, and the Bhandaris – representing locals of the Kshatriya caste – are alone entitled to wear one of the most sacred masks, that of the half-man, half-lion Hindu deity, Narasimha. The family that hosts Bhumiyal Devta during the year must adhere to a strict daily routine. Combining theatre, music, historical reconstructions, and traditional oral and written tales, the Ramman is a multiform cultural event that reflects the environmental, spiritual and cultural concept of the community, recounting its founding myths and strengthening its sense of self-worth. In order to ensure that it remains viable, the community’s priorities are to promote its transmission and to obtain its recognition beyond the geographical area in which it is practised.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2009.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region