【亚洲·乌兹别克斯坦】博逊地区的文化空间 Cultural space of Boysun District（2008年）

“位于乌兹别克斯坦东南部、从小亚细亚到印度的博伊桑地区是中亚最古老的有人居住的地区之一。随着丝绸之路的重要性日益降低和中亚的政治变革，该地区变得相当孤立，这有利于保存具有历史遗迹的古代传统包括萨满教、琐罗亚斯德教、佛教和伊斯兰教在内的几种宗教。如今，该地区约有8.2万居民。

许多传统仪式仍然存在：例如，在纳夫鲁兹春节前夕，人们会举行播种仪式，并提供食物。家庭仪式也在继续：出生40天后，恶灵会被火烧成灰烬赶走；男孩的割礼伴随着山羊打架和各种游戏，如摔跤和赛马。古代的习俗仍然经常用于举行婚礼、葬礼和萨满教仪式来治疗病人。在其他流行传统中，有与年度节日、史诗传说和舞蹈相关的仪式圣歌。管乐器或弦乐器伴随着抒情的吟唱。沙洛拉民乐团收集了流行歌曲，并对传统乐器和服装进行了盘点。该组织的成员还记录了村庄里的传说、史诗和古老旋律。

苏联时代的政策强加了一种文化模式，这给传统的博伊桑文化和艺术表达留下了很少的空间。今天，显然需要援助，为社区提供乐器和记录各种文化表达的技术设备。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The Boysun District located in south-eastern Uzbekistan on the route from Asia Minor to India, is one of the oldest inhabited areas of Central Asia. With the diminishing importance of the Silk Road and the political changes in Central Asia, the region became quite isolated, which favoured the preservation of ancient traditions that show traces of several religions, including shamanistic beliefs, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and Islam. Today the district is home to about 82,000 inhabitants.

Numerous traditional rituals are still alive: on the eve of the spring festival of Navruz, for instance, a sowing ritual is held with offerings of food. Family rites also persist: 40 days after a birth, the evil spirits are chased away with fire and ashes; the circumcision of boys is accompanied by goat fights and various games, such as wrestling and horse races. Ancient practices are still often used to conduct wedding ceremonies, funeral rites and shamanistic rituals to cure the sick. Among other popular traditions are ritual chants linked to annual festivals, epic legends and dances. Wind or string instruments accompany the lyrical chants. The Shalola folk music ensemble has collected popular songs and made an inventory of traditional instruments and costumes. The members of the group have also documented legends, epics and old melodies in the villages.

The policy of the Soviet era imposed a cultural model which left little room for traditional Boysun cultural and artistic expression. Today, there is a clear need for assistance to provide the communities with musical instruments and with technical equipment to document the various cultural expressions.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region