【亚洲·伊朗】法尔斯地毯编织传统技艺 Traditional skills of carpet weaving in Fars（2010年）

伊朗人在地毯编织方面享有全球声誉，位于伊朗西南部的法尔斯地毯编织工是其中最著名的。用于地毯的羊毛在春季或秋季由当地男子剪短。然后，男人们制作地毯织机——一个放在地面上的水平框架——而女人们则在纺车上将羊毛转化为纱线。使用的颜色主要是天然的：红色、蓝色、棕色和白色，由染料制成，包括茜草、靛蓝、莴苣叶、核桃皮、樱桃茎和石榴皮。这些妇女负责设计、颜色选择和编织，并将她们游牧生活的场景带到地毯上。他们编织时没有任何卡通图案——没有一个织工能织出两块相同图案的地毯。彩色纱线系在羊毛网上制成地毯。最后，将两侧缝合，烧掉多余的羊毛，使图案生动，并对地毯进行最后清洁。所有这些技能都是通过口头和榜样传授的。母亲训练女儿使用这些材料、工具和技能，而父亲则训练儿子剪羊毛和织机。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Iranians enjoy a global reputation in carpet weaving, and the carpet weavers of Fars, located in the south-west of Iran, are among the most prominent. Wool for the carpets is shorn by local men in spring or autumn. The men then construct the carpet loom – a horizontal frame placed on the ground – while the women convert the wool into yarn on spinning wheels. The colours used are mainly natural: reds, blues, browns and whites produced from dyestuffs including madder, indigo, lettuce leaf, walnut skin, cherry stem and pomegranate skin. The women are responsible for the design, colour selection and weaving, and bring scenes of their nomadic lives to the carpet. They weave without any cartoon (design) – no weaver can weave two carpets of the same design. Coloured yarn is tied to the wool web to create the carpet. To finish, the sides are sewn, extra wool is burned away to make the designs vivid, and the carpet is given a final cleaning. All these skills are transferred orally and by example. Mothers train their daughters to use the materials, tools and skills, while fathers train their sons in shearing wool and making looms.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region