【亚洲·伊朗】塔兹耶仪式戏剧艺术 Ritual dramatic art of Ta‘zīye（2010年）

Ta'zīye（或Ta'azyeh）是一种仪式戏剧艺术，讲述宗教事件、历史和神话故事以及民间故事。每场演出都有四个元素：诗歌、音乐、歌曲和动作。有些表演有多达100个角色，分为历史、宗教、政治、社会、超自然、真实、想象和幻想角色。每一部塔兹耶戏剧都是独立的，都有自己的主题、服装和音乐。表演充满了伊朗观众理解的象征意义、惯例、准则和标志，在没有灯光或装饰的舞台上进行。表演者总是男性，女性角色由男性扮演，大多数是业余爱好者，他们通过其他方式谋生，但表演是为了精神上的回报。虽然塔兹耶在伊朗文化、文学和艺术中扮演着重要角色，但日常谚语也来源于它的仪式剧。它的表演有助于促进和加强宗教和精神价值观、利他主义和友谊，同时保留古老的传统、民族文化和伊朗神话。塔兹耶在保存相关工艺品方面也发挥着重要作用，如服装制作、书法和乐器制作。它的灵活性使它成为不同社区的共同语言，促进交流、团结和创造力。Ta'zīye通过榜样和口碑从教师传递到学生。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Ta‘zīye (or Ta’azyeh) is a ritual dramatic art that recounts religious events, historical and mythical stories and folk tales. Each performance has four elements: poetry, music, song and motion. Some performances have up to a hundred roles, divided into historical, religious, political, social, supernatural, real, imaginary and fantasy characters. Each Ta‘zīye drama is individual, having its own subject, costumes and music. Performances are rich with symbolism, conventions, codes and signs understood by Iranian spectators, and take place on a stage without lighting or decoration. Performers are always male, with female roles being played by men, and most are amateurs who gain their living through other means but perform for spiritual rewards. While Ta‘zīye has a prominent role in Iranian culture, literature and art, everyday proverbs are also drawn from its ritual plays. Its performances help promote and reinforce religious and spiritual values, altruism and friendship while preserving old traditions, national culture and Iranian mythology. Ta‘zīye also plays a significant role in preserving associated crafts, such as costume-making, calligraphy and instrument-making. Its flexibility has led it to become a common language for different communities, promoting communication, unity and creativity. Ta‘zīye is transmitted by example and word of mouth from tutor to pupil.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region