【亚洲·伊朗】呼罗珊的巴克谢西音乐 Music of the Bakhshis of Khorasan（2010年）

在呼罗珊省，巴克希人以他们演奏的圆点琴而闻名，圆点琴是一种两根弦的长颈琵琶。他们讲述了伊斯兰和诺斯替派诗歌和史诗，其中包含神话、历史或传奇主题。他们的音乐名为Maghami，由器乐和/或声乐作品组成，用土耳其语、库尔德语、土库曼语和波斯语演奏。Navāyī是流传最广的玛格姆：多样、有声、无节奏，伴随着诺斯替派诗歌。其他例子还包括土耳其的马格罕斯塔伊内斯和格尔耶尔什，这是什卡蒂耶的宗教主题，以及洛伊，一种古老的浪漫马格罕姆，属于呼罗珊北部的科尔曼库尔德人。Bakhshis认为一个点的R是男性，而另一个是女性；男弦保持开放，而女弦用于演奏主旋律。巴赫希音乐通过传统的硕士生培训（仅限于男性家庭成员或邻居）或现代方法（大师培训来自不同背景的男女学生）传承。音乐传播历史、文化、伦理和宗教基础。因此，巴赫希斯人的社会角色超越了单纯的叙述者，他们被定义为法官、调解人和治疗师，以及社区民族和地区文化遗产的守护者。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

In Khorasan Province, the Bakhshis are renowned for their musical skill with the dotār, a two-stringed, long-necked lute. They recount Islamic and Gnostic poems and epics containing mythological, historical or legendary themes. Their music, known as Maghami, consists of instrumental and/or vocal pieces, performed in Turkish, Kurdish, Turkmen and Persian. Navāyī is the most widespread magham: diverse, vocal, rhythmless, accompanied by Gnostic poems. Other examples include the Turkish maghams Tajnīs and Gerāyelī, the religious themes of Shākhatāyī, and Loy, an antique romantic magham, belonging to the Kormanj Kurds of Northern Khorasan. Bakhshis consider one string of the dotār to be male and the other female; the male string remains open, while the female is used to play the main melody. Bakhshi music is passed on through traditional master-pupil training, which is restricted to male family members or neighbours, or modern methods, in which a master trains a wide range of students of both genders from diverse backgrounds. The music transmits history, culture, ethical and religious fundamentals. Therefore, the social role of the Bakhshis exceeds that of mere narrator, and defines them as judges, mediators and healers, as well as guardians of the ethnic and regional cultural heritage of their community.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region