【亚洲·伊朗】伊朗音乐“拉笛夫” Radif of Iranian music（2009年）

伊朗音乐是伊朗古典音乐的传统曲目，构成了波斯音乐文化的精髓。250多个被称为“鼓舍”的旋律单元被安排成了一个循环，其中一个底层的模态层提供了背景，在此背景下设置了各种旋律主题。尽管伊朗传统音乐的主要表演实践是根据表演者的情绪和观众的反应通过即兴创作展开的，但音乐家们花了多年时间学习掌握radif作为他们表演和作曲的一套音乐工具。拉迪夫琴可以是声乐的，也可以是器乐的，用不同的演奏技巧在各种乐器上演奏，包括长颈琵琶tār和setār，以及桑图尔锤式古筝、卡门切尖刺小提琴和尼里德管。通过口头教学，拉迪夫既体现了波斯音乐文化的审美实践，也体现了波斯音乐文化的哲学。学习拉迪夫至少需要十年的自我陶醉，在此期间，学生们会记住拉迪夫的曲目，并参与音乐禁欲主义的过程，以打开灵性之门。这座富饶的宝库位于伊朗音乐的核心，反映了伊朗人民的文化和民族身份。

2009年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The Radif of Iranian music is the traditional repertoire of the classical music of Iran that forms the essence of Persian musical culture. More than 250 melodic units, called gushe, are arranged into cycles, with an underlying modal layer providing the backdrop against which a variety of melodic motifs are set. Although the main performance practice of Iranian traditional music unfolds through improvisation according to the mood of the performer and in response to the audience, musicians spend years learning to master the radif as the set of musical tools for their performances and compositions. The radif may be vocal or instrumental, performed on a variety of instruments with different performance techniques including the long- necked lutes tār and setār, as well as the santur hammered zither, kamānche spike fiddle and ney reed pipe. Passed from master to disciple through oral instruction, the radif embodies both the aesthetic practice and the philosophy of Persian musical culture. Learning the radif stretches over at least a decade of self devotion during which the students memorize the radif’s repertoire and engage in a process of musical asceticism intended to open the gates of spirituality. This rich treasury lies at the heart of Iranian music and reflects the cultural and national identity of the Iranian people.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2009.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region