【亚洲·乌兹别克斯坦】巴赫希艺术 Bakhshi art（2021年）

史诗在乌兹别克斯坦乌兹别克人和卡拉卡尔帕克人的音乐和诗歌遗产中起着至关重要的作用。这些名为多斯顿（dostons）的传统古诗以神话、传说、民间故事和传奇圣歌为基础，涉及爱国主义、承诺、爱情、友谊和团结等多种主题。巴赫希指的是这些史诗故事和原创作品在乐器伴奏下的表演，包括多姆布拉（一种弦乐器）和科布兹（一种弓弦乐器）。讲故事的人，也被称为巴克希斯（bakhshis），根据记忆表演故事，结合文化传统和习俗。成功的巴赫希斯必须有能力用他们的旋律吸引听众，并以有趣和原创的方式讲述故事，创造性地使用语言、文字游戏、谚语和短语。他们还必须能够背诵长长的史诗。虽然巴克希斯传统上是男性，但巴克希斯在19世纪出现了一批女性，并继续为这一传统做出贡献。这种做法在家庭内部和正规的巴克希学校中传播。巴赫希艺术是乌兹别克人生活方式的重要组成部分，讲故事的人总是在家庭仪式、仪式、公共假日和当地庆典上欢迎客人。

2021年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Epic poetry plays a crucial role in the musical and poetic heritage of the Uzbek and Karakalpak people of Uzbekistan. Called dostons, the traditional centuries-old poems are based on myths, legends, folk tales and legendary chants, and address varied themes such as patriotism, commitment, love, friendship and solidarity. Bakhshi refers to the performance of these epic stories and original pieces with the accompaniment of musical instruments including the dombra (a stringed instrument) and the kobuz (a bowed instrument). The storytellers, also called bakhshis, perform the stories from memory, incorporating cultural traditions and practices. Successful bakhshis must have the ability to captivate listeners with their melodies and to narrate stories in an interesting and original way, making creative use of language, word games, proverbs and phrases. They must also be able to recite the long epic poems from memory. Although bakhshis were traditionally men, a group of women bakhshis emerged in the nineteenth century and continues to contribute to the tradition. The practice is passed on within families and through formal bakhshi schools. The art of bakhshi is a vital part of the Uzbek lifestyle, and the storytellers are always welcoming guests in family ceremonies, rituals, public holidays and local festivities.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2021.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region