【美洲·古巴】古巴伦巴及与之相关的音乐、舞蹈节和一切活动 Rumba in Cuba, a festive combination of music and dances and all the practices associated（2016年）

古巴伦巴的音乐和运动主要与非洲文化有关，但也有来自安的列斯文化和西班牙弗拉明戈的元素。历史上，古巴的伦巴舞在哈瓦那和马坦萨斯等古巴城市的边缘社区发展，靠近其他港口和棚户区，在非洲奴隶社区居住的农村地区尤其流行。它从古巴的西部向东部蔓延，一直是古巴社会和身份边缘层的主要象征，是自尊和抵抗的表现，也是社会拓展的工具，有助于丰富实践社区的生活。表演包括口头和非口头的交流形式，如圣歌、手势、鼓掌、舞蹈和特定的肢体语言。乐器，无论是打击乐器还是家庭或工作中的简单器具，都是练习的一部分。在一个节日的氛围中，表演者在特定的文化规范下工作，观众开始互动。舞蹈和圣歌唤起了一种优雅、性感和欢乐的感觉，旨在将人们联系起来，而不管他们的社会和经济背景、性别或种族。伦巴舞在古巴的习俗通过家庭和社区内的模仿而代代相传。

2016年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The music and movements of rumba in Cuba are mainly associated with African culture but also feature elements from Antillean culture and Spanish flamenco. Historically, rumba in Cuba developed in marginal neighbourhoods of cities in Cuba like Havana and Matanzas, near other ports and shanty towns and grew especially popular in rural areas where communities of African slaves lived. Spreading from the west to the east of the country, it has been a major symbol of a marginal layer of Cuban society and identity, acting as an expression of self-esteem and resistance and tool for social outreach, helping to enrich the lives of practising communities. Performances consist of verbal and non-verbal forms of communication such as chants, gestures, handclapping, dance and specific body language. Instruments, either percussion or simply utensils from the home or work, are part of the practice. A festive atmosphere develops where the performers, working within specific cultural codes, and the audience begin to interact. The dances and chants evoke a sense of grace, sensuality and joy that aims to connect people, regardless of their social and economic background, gender or ethnicity. The practice of rumba in Cuba has been transmitted over generations by imitation within families and neighbourhoods.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2016.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region