【亚洲•菲律宾】达冉根史诗唱述The Darangen Epic of the Maranao People(2008年)

达冉根是一种古老的歌曲，蕴涵着玛冉瑙民族丰富的文化知识。玛冉瑙人住在闽达纳俄岛兰瑙湖地区，这个位于菲律宾群岛最南端的岛屿，是菲律宾主要的三支穆斯林教众的故乡。
　　通过17套共计72，000行歌词，达冉根颂赞玛冉瑙民族的历史，也歌唱神话英雄历经的苦难。为使内容饱满生动，史诗用象征、暗喻、讽刺等手法，深入地探讨生死、恋爱、政治、爱情和美学等主题。达冉根还演绎玛冉瑙民族特有的法律法规、社会准则、民族习俗、美学观念以及社会价值等。今天，长者将这些历经岁月洗礼的文本奉为行为准则。达冉根在玛冉瑙语中即“用歌声讲述”的意思，早在14世纪伊斯兰教还没有传入菲律宾群岛时就有了达冉根，它与早期的梵语传统有着历史渊源，其影响波及闽达纳俄岛大部分地区，为研究玛冉瑙人伊斯兰教之前的文化传统提供了视角。
　　达冉根主要以口头形式传承，部分史诗用一种古老的阿拉伯文字誊写下了来，这些手稿被普通的玛冉瑙家庭视为传家宝世代珍藏，具有很高的文物价值和声誉。婚礼庆祝上的表演由男女专业演员进行，常常要持续几夜。表演者必须熟知法律法规和宗族的常识，必须具有超强的记忆力、即兴表演的技艺、诗一般的想象力、完美无瑕的声乐技巧以及在长达数小时的表演中控制观众的情绪的能力。唱诵有时伴以音乐和舞蹈。

Darangen is an ancient song, which contains rich cultural knowledge of the Malanate nationality. The Magnanaus live in the Lanao Lake area of Mindanao Island, the southernmost island of the Philippine Islands, home to three major Muslim communities in the Philippines.

Through 17 sets of 72,000 lines of lyrics, Daran Gen eulogizes the history of the Zan-Ma-Ran-Nao nation and sings about the suffering experienced by mythical heroes. In order to make the content full and vivid, the epic uses symbols, metaphors, satire and other means to explore in depth the themes of life and death, love, politics, love and aesthetics. Da Rangen also deduces the laws and regulations, social norms, national customs, aesthetic concepts and social values of the Malanate nationality. Today, the elders regard these texts, which have undergone years of baptism, as codes of conduct. Darangen, the meaning of "narrating by singing" in the Mananau language, had existed as early as the 14th century before Islam was introduced into the Philippine Islands. It had a historical origin with the early Sanskrit tradition, and its influence spread to most parts of Mindanao Island, providing a perspective for the study of the cultural traditions of the Mananau people before Islam.

Darangen is mainly handed down orally. Some of the epics are written in an ancient Arabic script. These manuscripts are regarded as family treasures by ordinary Maranaux families and have high cultural value and reputation. Wedding celebrations are performed by professional actors and actresses, often for several nights. Performers must be familiar with laws, regulations and patriarchal knowledge. They must have super memory, improvisation skills, poetic imagination, perfect vocal skills and the ability to control the audience's emotions during hours of performance. Singing is sometimes accompanied by music and dance.