【亚洲·越南】铜锣文化空间 Space of gong culture（2008年）

“越南中部高地的锣文化空间覆盖几个省份和17个南亚和南岛民族语言社区。它们的信仰体系与日常生活和季节循环紧密相连，形成了一个神秘的世界，锣在那里产生了人、神和神之间的特权语言超自然世界。每一个锣的背后都隐藏着一位神或女神，当锣变老时，他会变得更加强大。每个家庭至少有一个锣，这表明家庭的财富、权威和威望，并确保其保护。虽然各种仪式中使用了一系列铜管乐器，但锣单独存在于社区生活的所有仪式中，是主要的仪式乐器。

越南锣的演奏方式因村庄而异。每个乐器演奏者都携带一个直径在25到80厘米之间的不同锣。由男子或女子组成的乡村合奏团演奏三至十二支锣。不同的安排和节奏会根据仪式的背景进行调整，例如，公牛的祭祀仪式、米饭的祝福或哀悼仪式。这一地区的锣是在邻国购买的，然后调到所需的音调供自己使用。

经济和社会转型极大地影响了这些社区的传统生活方式，不再为锣文化提供原始背景。在上个世纪的几十年战争中，这种生活方式、知识和诀窍的传播受到严重破坏。如今，由于老工匠的消失和年轻人对西方文化越来越感兴趣，这种现象更加严重。这些锣被剥夺了神圣的意义，有时被出售用于回收或交换其他产品。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The cultural space of the gongs in the central highlands of Vietnam covers several provinces and seventeen Austro-Asian and Austronesian ethno-linguistic communities. Closely linked to daily life and the cycle of the seasons, their belief systems form a mystical world where the gongs produce a privileged language between men, divinities and the supernatural world. Behind every gong hides a god or goddess who is all the more powerful when the gong is older. Every family possesses at least one gong, which indicates the family’s wealth, authority and prestige, and also ensures its protection. While a range of brass instruments is used in the various ceremonies, the gong alone is present in all the rituals of community life and is the main ceremonial instrument.

The manner in which the gongs of Vietnam are played varies according to the village. Each instrumentalist carries a different gong measuring between 25 and 80 cm in diameter. From three to twelve gongs are played by the village ensembles, which are made up of men or women. Different arrangements and rhythms are adapted to the context of the ceremony, for example, the ritual sacrifice of the bullocks, the blessing of the rice or mourning rites. The gongs of this region are bought in neighbouring countries, and then tuned to the desired tone for their own use.

Economic and social transformations have drastically affected the traditional way of life of these communities and no longer provide the original context for the Gong culture. Transmission of this way of life, knowledge and know-how was severely disrupted during the decades of war during the last century.Today, this phenomenon is aggravated by the disappearance of old craftsmen and young people’s growing interest in Western culture. Stripped of their sacred significance, the gongs are sometimes sold for recycling or exchanged for other products.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region