【亚洲•越南】歌筹 Ca trù singing (2009年)

歌筹是越南北部一种复杂的唱诗形式，它所用的，是以越南传统诗歌形式书写的歌词。歌筹有三名表演人员：一名女歌手，一边用呼吸技巧和颤音创造独特的声音，一边打拍子或敲击一个木箱子；其他两名演奏人员，弹奏三弦诗琴和击鼓，分别演奏出低沉的音调和强有力的声音。一些歌筹表演中还包括舞蹈。不同形式的歌筹可以实现不同的社会目的，其中包括为拜神而歌唱、为娱乐而歌唱、在皇宫歌唱以及竞技性歌唱。歌筹有56种不同的音乐形式或曲调，每种曲调就是一种cách。民间艺人通过口头和技术传播手段，在家族内部正式传承歌筹作品中的音乐和诗歌，但现在，他们会把这些传授给任何一个想学歌筹的人。二十世纪，接连不断的战争和人们对歌筹认识的不充分导致这一艺术形式遭到废弃。尽管艺术家们为向年轻一代传授古老曲目做出了重大努力，但是，由于歌筹表演者不断减少，加之老一辈艺术家日益年迈，歌筹仍处于濒危状态。

Song preparation is a complex form of singing in northern Vietnam. It uses lyrics written in the form of traditional Vietnamese poetry. There are three performers: a female singer who uses breathing skills and tremolo to create a unique voice while beating or tapping a wooden box; the other two performers who play the trichord and drum play a deep tone and a strong voice respectively. Some song-planning performances also include dancing. Different forms of singing can achieve different social purposes, including singing for worship of gods, singing for entertainment, singing in the palace and competitive singing. There are 56 different musical forms or tunes, each of which is a cch. Folk artists officially inherit music and poetry from song-raising works within the family through oral and technical means of communication, but now they will teach these to anyone who wants to learn song-raising. In the twentieth century, continuous wars and inadequate understanding of singing led to the abandonment of this art form. Despite the great efforts made by artists to teach the younger generation of ancient songs, the singing collection is still in danger due to the decreasing number of singing performers and the growing age of the older generation of artists.