【欧洲·白俄罗斯】圣诞沙皇仪式 Rite of the Kalyady Tsars (Christmas Tsars)（2009年）

Kalyady 沙皇（圣诞沙皇）是白俄罗斯明斯克地区Semezhava村的一种宗教仪式，也是一项节日活动。典型的白俄罗斯新年庆祝活动系根据“旧式”儒略历举行。节日期间，会展示当地独特的表演艺术。每年约有500人参加庆祝活动，并会从中选择七人，在国家历史宗教剧《最伟大的沙皇》（Tsar Maximilian）中出演“Kalyady沙皇”一角。其他喜剧人物还有dzed（老头）和baba（老太太），分别由一名年轻女孩和男孩扮演，并会与观众互动。剧中，“沙皇”会造访当地未婚少女的家，做一些滑稽表演，从而得到女孩们的美好祝愿和嘉奖。庆祝活动会持续到深夜，火炬将照亮整个村庄。把戏剧元素纳入现代生活的各个方面并融入民族社区、团体和个人生活的做法，使得戏剧成了文化多样性的一个鲜活范例。目前，这一庆祝活动仍深受老年人的欢迎，不过，喜欢它的年轻人却越来越少了。这可能会导致与该传统活动相关联的戏剧服装、乐器、室内装饰及特色菜肴等方面的知识传递出现缺口，进而，这些非物质文化遗产可能会在当前这一代人身边消逝。

Kalyady is a religious ceremony and a festive activity in the village of Semezhava in the Minsk region of Belarus. Typical Belarusian New Year celebrations are held under the "old-fashioned" Julian calendar. During the festive season, the unique local performing arts will be displayed. About 500 people take part in the celebrations each year and choose seven from them, starring in the Kalyady tsar in Tsar Maximilian, the country's historical and religious drama, the Greatest tsar. Other comedy figures are dzed (Old man) and Baba (Old Lady), played by a young girl and boy, respectively, and will interact with the audience. In the play, the Tsar will visit the home of the local unmarried girls, do some antics, so as to get the girls ' best wishes and commendation. The celebrations will last late into the night and the torch will illuminate the entire village. The inclusion of theatrical elements in all aspects of modern life and their integration into the lives of national communities, groups and individuals has made drama a living example of cultural diversity. For now, the celebration is still popular with older people, though there are fewer young people who like it. This may lead to a gap in the transfer of knowledge about theatrical clothing, musical instruments, interior decorations and specialities associated with the traditional event, which in turn may fade away from the current generation.