【美洲·墨西哥】托利曼的奥托米-希希美卡斯民族的纪念地和活态传统：伯纳尔巨石，圣地的守护者Places of memory and living traditions of the Otomí-Chichimecas people of Tolimán: the Peña de Bernal, guardian of a sacred territory（2009年）

Otomí-Chichimeca人生活在墨西哥中部Querétaro州的半沙漠地带，他们发展了一系列传统，表达了与当地地形和生态的独特关系。他们的文化环境主要是由扎莫拉诺山、Frontón山和贝纳尔岩形成的象征性三角形。人们每年都会带着奇迹般的十字架前往这些神圣的山丘朝圣，以祈求水和神的保护，崇敬他们的祖先，庆祝他们的共同身份和延续性。全年的其他社区庆祝活动构成了一个以水为中心的仪式日历，水在这种气候中是一种危险的稀缺元素，并致力于提高Otomí-Chichimeca人的耐力。这些仪式通常发生在供奉祖先的亲密家庭小教堂中，或在chimales教堂中，这是一种临时但令人印象深刻的芦苇结构，带有叶屋顶，作为祭品，象征着耐力，象征着活力和归属感。精神文化和物质空间之间的关系影响着该地区的艺术——包括宗教形象、壁画、舞蹈和音乐——而体现这一关系的传统是该社区文化认同的核心组成部分。

2009年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Living in the semi-desert zone of the state of Querétaro in central Mexico, the Otomí-Chichimeca people have developed a range of traditions that express a unique relationship with their local topography and ecology. Their cultural environment is dominated by a symbolic triangle formed by the Zamorano and Frontón hills and the Bernal rock. It is to these sacred hills that people make annual pilgrimages bearing miraculous crosses to pray for water and divine protection, venerate their ancestors and celebrate their communal identity and continuity. Other community festivities throughout the year make up a calendar of rituals centred on water, a dangerously scarce element in this climate, and dedicated to the endurance of the Otomí-Chichimeca people. The rituals often occur in intimate family chapels dedicated to ancestors or in chimales, temporary but impressive reed structures with leaf roofs built as an offering, an emblem of endurance and a symbol of vitality and belonging. The relationship between spiritual culture and physical space is influential on the art of the region – including religious images, murals, dance and music – and the traditions that embody it are central components of the cultural identity of the community.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2009.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region