【欧洲·希腊】里贝提克 Rebetiko（2017年）

Rebetiko是一种与歌舞直接相关的音乐和文化表达方式，最初于20世纪初在城市下层和工薪阶层人群中传播。Rebetiko歌曲现在几乎在所有涉及音乐和舞蹈的社交场合都是标准曲目。该元素在公共场合表演，表演者鼓励观众参与。这项活动对所有人开放，参与者可以包括任何喜欢这种音乐和舞蹈的希腊语或说希腊语的人。Rebetiko歌曲包含了对特定生活方式的习俗、实践和传统的宝贵参考，但最重要的是，这种实践是一种活的音乐传统，具有强烈的象征性、意识形态和艺术性。最初，传播完全是通过口头进行的，通过歌曲的现场表演和年轻表演者与年长的乐器手和歌手的指导。这种非正规的学习方法仍然很重要，但最近录音、大众媒体和电影的传播加强了其他传播方法。在过去的十年里，Rebetiko越来越多地在音乐学校、音乐学院和大学教授，这有助于它的更广泛传播，而喜欢Rebetiko的音乐家和人们在保持这种做法的活力方面继续发挥着关键作用。

2017年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Rebetiko is a musical and cultural expression directly linked to song and dance that initially spread among the urban lower and working-class populations in the early twentieth century. Rebetiko songs are now a standardized repertoire in almost every social occasion involving music and dance. The element is performed in public and performers encourage audience participation. The practice is open to all and bearers could include any Greek or Greek-speaking person who enjoys this form of music and dance. Rebetiko songs contain invaluable references to the customs, practices and traditions of a particular way of life, but above all the practice is a living musical tradition with a strong symbolic, ideological and artistic character. Initially, transmission occurred exclusively orally, through the live performance of songs and the instruction of younger performers with older instrumentalists and singers. This non-formal method of learning is still important, but the recent spread of sound recordings, the mass media and cinema have reinforced other methods of transmission. In the past decade, Rebetiko has increasingly been taught in music schools, conservatories and universities, contributing to its wider dissemination, and the musicians and people who enjoy Rebetiko continue to play a key role in keeping the practice alive.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2017.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region