【亚洲·格鲁吉亚】奇达巴：格鲁吉亚摔跤 Chidaoba, wrestling in Georgia（2018年）

千岛芭（摔跤）是一种古老的武术形式，在格鲁吉亚的所有地区、村庄和社区，大部分男性都在练习。这一传统的传承者包括年轻人、城市居民、体育俱乐部、教育机构和业余组织。这种练习是一种复杂的现象，结合了摔跤、音乐、舞蹈和特殊服装（“chokha”）的元素。直到中世纪晚期，千岛芭才具有战斗功能，逐渐成为一项引人注目的运动。比赛在露天竞技场进行，观众众多，伴随着管乐器（“zurna”）和格鲁吉亚鼓（“doli”）音乐，这标志着比赛的开始。摔跤运动员试图通过特殊的抓握来击败对方，充满活力的音乐增强了比赛的活力。行为准则是骑士精神，摔跤手偶尔会带着格鲁吉亚民间舞蹈离开竞技场。千岛坝使用了大量特殊的摔跤握法：估计有200个这样的握法和反握法，它们的结合体现了摔跤手的创造力。这种做法鼓励健康的生活方式，并在跨文化对话中发挥重要作用。从早春到秋季，年轻人在户外练习摔跤，掌握以前通过观看比赛获得的技能，佐治亚州几乎每个村庄和城市都有摔跤课。

2018年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Chidaoba (wrestling) is an ancient form of martial art practised by a large proportion of the male population throughout all the regions, villages and communities of Georgia. Bearers of the tradition include young people, city residents, sports clubs, educational institutions and amateur organizations. The practice is a complex phenomenon that combines elements of wrestling, music, dance and special garments (‘chokha’). Having had a combat function until the late Middle Ages, Chidaoba gradually became a spectacular sport. Tournaments take place in an open-air arena, surrounded by a large audience, accompanied by a wind instrument (‘zurna’) and Georgian drum (‘doli’) music, which marks the beginning. Wrestlers attempt to defeat each other through special holds, and vibrant music enhances the dynamics of the contest. The code of conduct is chivalric, and occasionally the wrestlers leave the arena with a Georgian folk dance. Chidaoba uses an important number of special wrestling holds: there are an estimated 200 such holds and counter-holds, the combination of which speaks to the wrestlers’ creativity. The practice encourages a healthy lifestyle and plays an important role in intercultural dialogue. From early spring to autumn, young people practise wrestling outdoors, mastering skills previously acquired by watching matches, and there are wrestling sections in almost every village and city of Georgia.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2018.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region