【亚洲·格鲁吉亚】三种格鲁吉亚字母书写法的活态文化 Living culture of three writing systems of the Georgian alphabet（2016年）

格鲁吉亚书面语言的演变产生了三个字母表——Mrgvlovani、Nuskhuri和Mkhderuli——这些字母表至今仍在使用。Mrgvlovani是努什胡里和Mkhderuli的第一个字母表。由于不同的文化和社会功能，字母表共存，反映了格鲁吉亚多样性和身份的一个方面。它们在文化意义上的持续使用，也给了社区一种连续性的感觉。字母Mrgvlovani和Nuskhuri主要由格鲁吉亚使徒独裁者东正教社区进行非正式练习和教学。例如，字母表出现在教堂礼拜者使用的文本中，比如诗篇和赞美诗，以及教堂中使用的展示物品的铭文中，比如图标。为教堂创作作品的传统工匠（金匠、刺绣师、图标画家和雕塑家），以及一些神学院、高等院校、语言学家、学者和历史学家，也可以被视为字母表的实践者和传递者。然而，佐治亚州的教育系统是基于Mkhderuli字母表的。在小学和高中任教的Mkhderuli字母表也在家中从老一辈非正式地传递给年轻一代。Mrgvlovani和Nuskhuri字母表在佐治亚州的学校教授，但属于基础水平。

2016年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The evolution of Georgia’s written language has produced three alphabets – Mrgvlovani, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli – which all remain in use today. Mrgvlovani was the first alphabet from which Nuskhuri was derived and then Mkhedruli. The alphabets coexist thanks to their different cultural and social functions, reflecting an aspect of Georgia’s diversity and identity. Their ongoing use in a cultural sense, also gives communities a feeling of continuity. The alphabets Mrgvlovani and Nuskhuri are practised and taught informally predominately by the community of the Georgian Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church. For example, the alphabets feature in texts used by church worshippers such as the psalms and hymns and on inscriptions of display items used in the church, like the icons. Traditional craftspeople (goldsmiths, embroiderers, icon-painters and sculptors) who create pieces for the church can also be considered as practitioners and transmitters of the alphabets, as well as some theological schools, tertiary institutions, linguists, scholars and historians. Georgia’s educational system, however, is based on the Mkhedruli alphabet. Taught in primary and high school, the Mkhedruli alphabet is also transmitted informally in the home from older to younger generations. The Mrgvlovani and Nuskhuri alphabets are taught in schools in Georgia but at a basic level.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2016.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region