【亚洲·吉尔吉斯共和国】阿依特斯即兴表演艺术 Aitysh/Aitys, art of improvisation（2015年）

Aitysh/Aitys（阿依特斯）是一项以即兴口头诗歌为中心的比赛，在传统乐器——哈萨克多姆布拉或吉尔吉斯科穆兹——的伴奏下进行口语或歌唱。两名表演者（akyns）在一场机智之战中相互竞争，即兴创作关于主题的诗篇，在幽默的反驳和深刻的哲学思考之间交替。比赛期间，表演者坐在对面，即兴就观众选择的话题进行对话。获胜者是被认为具有最佳音乐技巧、节奏、创意、机智、智慧和智慧的表演者。最有意义和机智的表达往往成为流行语。这一元素在各种场合都有实践，从当地的庆祝活动到全国性的活动，在这些活动中，实践者经常利用比赛来提出重要的社会问题。虽然传统上只由男性表演，但许多女性现在参加Aitysh/Aitys（阿依特斯），并利用比赛表达女性的愿望和观点。今天，Aitysh/Aitys（阿依特斯）是吉尔吉斯斯坦和哈萨克斯坦多民族社会中非常受欢迎的文化组成部分，是承载社区身份的重要组成部分。年长的表演者将他们的知识和技能传授给年轻一代。

2015年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Aitysh/Aitys is a contest centred on improvised oral poetry spoken or sung to the accompaniment of traditional musical instruments – the Kazakh dombra or Kyrgyz komuz. Two performers (akyns) compete with one other to improvise verses on topical themes in a battle of wits that alternates between humorous ripostes and penetrating philosophical reflections. During the competition, the performers sit opposite one another improvising a dialogue on topics chosen by the audience. The winner is the performer considered to have demonstrated the best musical skills, rhythm, originality, resourcefulness, wisdom and wit. The most meaningful and witty expressions often become popular sayings. The element is practised on a variety of occasions, ranging from local festivities to nationwide events, where practitioners often use the contest to raise important social issues. Although it was traditionally performed only by men, many women now participate in Aitysh/Aitys and use the contest to express women’s aspirations and viewpoints. Today, Aitysh/Aitys is a very popular cultural component of Kyrgyzstan’s and Kazakhstan’s multi-ethnic societies and constitutes a vital part of the identity of bearer communities. Older performers teach and transmit their knowledge and skills to younger generations.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2015.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region