【亚洲·吉尔吉斯共和国】传统马上游戏——叼羊 Kok boru, traditional horse game（2017年）

Kok boru（叼羊）是一款传统的马术游戏，是传统实践、表演和游戏本身的综合。这是一项传统的比赛，由两队骑马进行，球员们试图用山羊的尸体（在现代比赛中被一个模具所取代）或“乌拉克”（ulak）进行操纵，并将其放入对手的球门中得分。球员社区包括高级别联赛、半职业和业余球队的球员，以及普通公众。最有经验的球员担任裁判，而另一类是“卡利斯塔”（长者），他们确保比赛的公平性。这一元素体现了其从业者的文化和历史传统以及精神身份，有助于团结社区，不论社会地位如何，培养团队合作、责任感和尊重的文化。与该元素相关的知识主要通过展示、节日和社交活动自然传播，相关社区通过知识和技能的传播、研究和培训组织积极参与确保其可行性。1998年成立的全国Kok Boru（叼羊）联合会通过开展和组织活动在促进和保护该元素方面发挥着关键作用。

2017年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Kok boru, a traditional horse game, is a synthesis of traditional practices, performances and the game itself. It is a traditional game played by two teams on horseback, where players try to manoeuvre with a goat’s carcass (replaced with a mould in modern-day games), or ‘ulak’, and score by putting it into the opponents’ goal. The community of bearers includes players united in higher league, semi-professional and amateur teams, as well as the general public. The most experienced players serve as referees, while another category consists of the ‘Kalystar’ (elders), who ensure the fairness of the game. The element is an expression of the cultural and historic tradition and spiritual identity of its practitioners and serves to unite communities regardless of social status, fostering a culture of teamwork, responsibility and respect. Knowledge related to the element is primarily transmitted naturally by means of demonstration, as well as during festive and social events, and the community concerned is actively involved in ensuring its viability through the transmission of knowledge and skills, research and the organization of training. The National Kok-Boru Federation, established in 1998, plays a key role in promoting and safeguarding the element through the development and organization of activities.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2017.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region