【亚洲·黎巴嫩】Al-Zajal，唱诵诗歌 Al-Zajal, recited or sung poetry（2014年）

扎哈尔是黎巴嫩民间诗歌的一种形式，在社会和家庭庆祝活动以及日常生活中被朗诵或演唱。表演者，包括男性和女性，可以单独或集体地就各种主题表达自己，包括生活、爱情、怀旧、死亡、政治和日常事件。在诗歌对决中，诗人和音乐家组成的剧团围着一张桌子，桌上摆满了梅兹和阿拉克的菜肴，在混合的观众面前，随着手鼓和德布卡的节奏表演诗歌。诗人经常以挑战的形式朗诵诗歌，然后由歌手和观众重复。这些口头交流唤起了黎巴嫩的美丽、宽容的重要性、社区和宗教之间的对话以及差异的权利。扎哈尔病毒的传播基本上是非正式的，通过观察、模仿和参与，在家庭内部或以自发的方式传播和更新。剧团和非政府组织也积极参与其实践和娱乐活动。扎哈尔的宗教和社群主义包容性促进了其连续性，诗意的比武成为安全阀，在解决冲突和加强社会凝聚力方面发挥着重要作用。

2014年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Al-Zajal is a form of Lebanese folk poetry declaimed or sung at social and family celebrations and in daily life. The performers, both men and women, express themselves either individually or collectively on a variety of themes including life, love, nostalgia, death, politics and daily events. During poetic jousts, troupes of poets and musicians gather around a table laden with dishes of meze and arrack to perform verses in front of a mixed audience to the rhythm of the tambourine and derbouka. The poets declaim verses, often in the form of challenges, which are then repeated by the singers and audience. These verbal exchanges evoke the beauty of Lebanon, the importance of tolerance, dialogue between communities and religions, and the right to difference. Transmission of Al-Zajal is largely informal, transmitted and renewed within the family or in a spontaneous manner through observation, imitation and participation. Troupes and non-governmental organizations are also actively involved in its practice and recreation. The religious and communitarian inclusiveness of Al-Zajal promotes its continuity, with poetic jousts serving as a safety valve and playing an important role in resolving conflicts and strengthening social cohesion.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2014.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region