【亚洲·也门】萨那歌曲 Song of Sana’a（2008年）

“萨那之歌，也被称为al Ghina al-San'ani，指的是一组属于也门各地丰富的音乐传统的歌曲。这些歌曲源于14世纪的各种诗歌传统，是社会活动的一个组成部分，如萨姆拉婚宴和玛雅族、傣族下午朋友和同事们聚在一起。

这些歌曲由一位独唱歌手在两种古老乐器的伴奏下进行诠释：一种是琴（也门琵琶），另一种是铜托盘，它在演奏者的拇指上保持平衡，并用其他八个手指轻轻敲击。有很多旋律类型。在一次表演中，从一个调音到另一个调音是很少见的，但表演者的艺术性是由他修饰旋律的能力来判断的，以便突出文本的意义并感动听众。这本诗集用也门方言和古典阿拉伯语写成，充满了文字游戏，以其情感内容而闻名。这些歌曲的文本构成了也门最受尊敬、最常被引用的诗体。尽管这些歌曲与也门历史上的首都萨那有直接联系，但在也门各地的许多城镇和农村地区都能听到。事实上，这部诗集经常引用来自全国各地的方言。此外，其他类型的表演者经常借用传统旋律，包括乡村舞蹈和当代音乐。

虽然也门人仍然为萨那传统歌曲感到自豪，但出席人数已经减少，今天的音乐家——尽管人数越来越多——只知道少数老歌，他们在表演中插入这些老歌，然后转向更轻的当代作品。只有少数几位年长的音乐家保留了萨那传统歌曲的广度和微妙的诠释。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The Song of Sana’a, also known as al-Ghina al-San’ani, designates a group of songs that belongs to a rich musical tradition practised throughout Yemen. Derived from various poetic traditions dating from the fourteenth century, this genre constitutes an integral part of social events, such as the samra marriage evenings and the magyal, the daily afternoon gathering of friends and colleagues.

The songs are interpreted by a solo singer accompanied by two ancient instruments: the qanbus (the Yemeni lute), and the sahn nuhasi, a copper tray which is balanced upon the player’s thumbs and lightly struck with the other eight fingers. There are a large number of melodic types. Modulation from one to another within a single performance is rare, but the artistry of a performer is judged by his ability to embellish a melody in order to highlight the meaning of the text and to move the listeners. The poetic repertory, written in both Yemeni dialect and classical Arabic, abounds in wordplay and is renowned for its emotional content. The texts of the songs constitute the most revered and frequently quoted body of poems in Yemen. Although the songs are directly associated with Yemen’s historical capital, Sana’a, they can be heard in many towns and rural areas throughout Yemen. In fact, the poetic repertory often draws on dialects from different parts of the country. In addition, traditional melodies are regularly borrowed by performers of other genres, including rural dances and contemporary music.

Although Yemenis remain very proud of the Song of Sana’a tradition, attendance has dwindled and today’s musicians – despite their growing numbers – know only a handful of old songs, which they interject in their performances before moving on to lighter contemporary pieces. It is just a few elderly musicians who have preserved the breadth of the Song of Sana’a tradition and the subtleties of its interpretation.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region