【亚洲·越南】三界母亲女神信仰习俗 Practices related to the Viet beliefs in the Mother Goddesses of Three Realms（2016年）

为了满足精神需求、日常愿望并获得帮助，以实现健康和成功，越南的社区崇拜三个领域的女神母亲：天、水、山和森林。母亲女神包括李ễuhạnh（一位降世的仙女，以人类的身份生活并成为一名尼姑）被称为世界之母，其他被认为是传奇英雄的精灵。传统习俗包括日常崇拜和参加仪式，仪式如附灵仪式和节日，如ủ Dầ在供奉女神母亲的庙宇里举行的仪式。这些与该活动相关的活动有助于保持该社区的部分历史、文化遗产和身份，在某些方面融入了传统服装、音乐和舞蹈。承载者和练习者是公众成员、寺庙守护者、仪式祭司、精神媒介、助手和音乐家，他们通过口头向新来者和家庭成员传递知识和技能。共同价值观的实践，以及对女神母亲慈悲和恩典的强烈信仰，为连接参与社区成员的社会关系提供了基础。对女神母亲的崇拜也有助于欣赏女性及其在社会中的角色。

2016年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

To meet spiritual needs, everyday wishes and gain help in achieving good health and success communities in Viet Nam worship the Mother Goddesses of Three Realms: heaven, water, and mountains and forests. The Mother Goddesses include Liễu Hạnh (a nymph who descended to earth, lived as a human and became a Buddhist nun) referred to as the Mother of the World, and other spirits considered legendary heroes. The traditional practice involves daily worship and participation in ceremonies, rituals like the spirit possession ritual and festivals such as Phủ Dầy that take place at temples dedicated to the Mother Goddesses. These activities associated with the practice help to maintain part of the community’s history, cultural heritage and identity with some aspects incorporating traditional costumes, music and dance. Bearers and practitioners are members of the public, temple guardians, ritual priests, spirit mediums, assistants and musicians who transmit knowledge and skills orally to newcomers and family members. The practice of shared values and strong beliefs in the compassion and grace of the Mother Goddesses provides a basis for social relations connecting members of participating communities. The worshipping of the Mother Goddesses also contributes to the appreciation of women and their roles in society.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2016.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region