【亚洲·土库曼斯坦】Gorogly史诗艺术 Epic art of Gorogly（2015年）

戈罗格利史诗艺术是一种口头表演传统，描述传奇英雄戈罗格利及其四十名骑兵的成就。这部史诗集叙事、歌唱、作曲、散文、诗歌和即兴发声于一体，同时也是一部关于传统习俗和知识（包括畜牧业、传统疗法等）的口头百科全书。它的传播通过帮助儿童更好地理解自己的文化身份，在儿童的成长过程中发挥着重要作用。这一传统培养了人的性格、创造力和艺术技能，并为承载群体提供了强烈的社会和文化认同感。这部史诗反映了土库曼斯坦人民对幸福生活、自由和正义的渴望，倡导勇敢、诚实、友谊、宽容和公平等价值观。它的持有者和实践者都是土库曼斯坦的男性和女性史诗表演者，他们专门从事血腥史诗。这部史诗传统上是在弦乐器的伴奏下进行的，如杜塔或吉亚克。歌舞史诗艺术的持有者和实践者积极参加所有国家庆典、文化节和社交聚会，以及歌舞史诗表演者之间的年度比赛。史诗艺术的实践被认为是一种职业，大师们将学生的非正式教学与公共表演中的知识和技能传授相结合。

2015年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The epic art of Gorogly is an oral performing tradition describing the achievements of the legendary hero Gorogly and his forty cavalrymen. The epic incorporates narration, singing, composition, prose, poetry and vocal improvisation, and also functions as an oral encyclopaedia of traditional customs and knowledge (including stock breeding, traditional healing, etc.). Its transmission plays an important role in the upbringing of children by helping them to better understand their cultural identity. The tradition nurtures character, creative capacity and artistic skills, and provides bearer communities with a strong sense of social and cultural identity. The epic reflects the aspirations of the Turkmen people for a happy life, freedom and justice, and promotes values such as bravery, honesty, friendship, tolerance and fairness. Its bearers and practitioners are individual male and female epic performers in Turkmenistan who specialize in the Gorogly epic. The epic is traditionally performed seated to the accompaniment of stringed musical instruments, such as the dutar or gyjak. Bearers and practitioners of the Gorogly epic art take an active part in all national celebrations, cultural festivals and social gatherings, as well as annual competitions between Gorogly epic performers. Practice of the epic art is considered a vocation with masters combining informal teaching of pupils with transmission of knowledge and skills during public performances.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2015.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region