【亚洲·亚美尼亚】杏木双簧管音乐（嘟嘟克及其音乐） Duduk and its music（2008年）

“duduk（杏木双簧管）是亚美尼亚双簧管，是一种双簧管乐器，音色温暖、柔和、略带鼻音。它属于航空音箱的范畴，包括阿塞拜疆和伊朗演奏的巴拉班、格鲁吉亚常见的duduki（杏木双簧管）和土耳其的ney。杏树的软木是制作双簧管的理想材料仪器芦苇被称为ghamish或yegheg，是一种生长在阿拉克斯河边的当地植物。

亚美尼亚duduk（杏木双簧管）音乐的起源可以追溯到亚美尼亚国王提格兰大帝（公元前95-55年）的时代。它伴随着各地区流行的亚美尼亚传统歌曲和舞蹈，并在婚礼和葬礼等活动中播放。虽然也有著名的杜杜克独奏家，其中包括格沃格·达巴吉扬和瓦切·萨拉夫扬，但杜克通常由两位音乐家演奏。一名演奏者通过循环呼吸持续播放无人机，为主旋律创造音乐环境，而另一名演奏者则发展出复杂的旋律和即兴演奏。Duk有四种主要类型，长度从28厘米到40厘米不等。这种多样性使杜克的声音能够根据乐曲的内容和演奏环境表达不同的情绪。例如，40厘米长的duduk（杏木双簧管）被认为最适合唱情歌，而较小的duduk（杏木双簧管）通常伴随舞蹈。今天，duduk（杏木双簧管）工匠继续创造和试验不同形式的Duk。许多亚美尼亚人认为杜杜克是最能表达热情、欢乐和历史的乐器。

在过去的几十年里，亚美尼亚杜克音乐的流行已经消退，尤其是在其发源地的农村地区。杜杜克乐器在流行节日中的演奏越来越少，但更多的时候是专业人士的舞台表演，这可能会威胁到音乐的生命力和传统特征。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The duduk, the Armenian oboe, is a double-reed wind instrument characterized by a warm, soft, slightly nasal timbre. It belongs to the category of aerophones, which also includes the balaban played in Azerbaijan and Iran, the duduki common in Georgia and the ney in Turkey.The soft wood of the apricot tree is the ideal material for the body of the instrument. The reed, called ghamish or yegheg, is a local plant growing alongside the Arax River.

The roots of Armenian duduk music go back to the times of the Armenian king Tigran the Great (95-55 BC). It accompanies popular Armenian traditional songs and dances of the various regions and is played at events, such as weddings and funerals. Although there are also famous duduk soloists, among them Gevorg Dabaghyan and Vache Sharafyan, the duduk is usually played by two musicians. One player creates the musical environment for the lead melody by playing a continual drone held by circular breathing, while the other player develops complex melodies and improvisations. There are four major types of duduk, varying in length from 28 to 40 cm. This variety allows the sound of the duduk to express various moods depending on the content of the piece and the playing context. The 40-cm long duduk, for example, is regarded as most appropriate for love songs, whereas the smaller one usually accompanies dances. Today, duduk craftsmen continue to create and experiment with different forms of duduks. Many Armenians consider the duduk as the instrument that most eloquently expresses warmth, joy and their history.

Over the last few decades, the popularity of Armenian duduk music has faded, in particular in the rural areas where it originated. The duduk instrument is played less and less in popular festivities, but more often as a staged performance by professionals, risking to threaten the music’s viability and traditional character.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region