【亚洲·印度尼西亚】马来武术传统 Traditions of Pencak Silat（2019年）

除了体育元素外，Pencak Silat的传统还包括精神、自卫和艺术方面。Pencak Silat的舞步和风格受到各种艺术元素的强烈影响，包括与伴奏音乐相匹配的身体和动作的统一。“pencak”一词在爪哇更为人所知，而“silat”一词在西苏门答腊更为人所知，它描述了一组有许多相似之处的武术。除了本地术语，每个地区都有自己的动作、风格、伴奏、音乐和配套设备，包括服装、乐器和传统武器。Pencak Silat的练习者被教导保持与上帝、人类和自然的关系，并接受各种技巧的培训，以根据保护自己和他人、避免伤害罪犯和建立同志关系的原则来应对攻击或其他危险情况。这种做法加强了同志关系，维护了社会秩序，并为仪式提供了娱乐。相关知识和技能通常在非正规学校教授，包括口头传统和表达方式，如问候语、哲学短语、押韵诗、建议，以及歌曲和演奏乐器的技巧。

2019年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

In addition to their sporting element, Traditions of Pencak Silat also encompass mental-spiritual, self-defence and artistic aspects. The moves and styles of Pencak Silat are strongly influenced by various elements of art, involving a unity of body and movement fitting the accompanying music. The term ‘pencak’ is better known in Java, while the term ‘silat’ is better known in West Sumatra, describing a group of martial arts with many similarities. In addition to local terms, each region has its own moves, styles, accompaniments, music, and supporting equipment, which includes costumes, musical instruments, and traditional weapons. Pencak Silat practitioners are taught to maintain their relationship with God, human beings, and nature, and are trained in various techniques to deal with attacks or other dangerous situations based on principles to protect themselves as well as others, avoid harming the offender and build comradeship. The practice strengthens comradeship, maintains social order, and provides entertainment for ritual ceremonies. Related knowledge and skills are commonly taught in non-formal schools and include oral traditions and expressions such as greetings, philosophical phrases, rhymed poems, advice, as well as songs and techniques to play the instruments.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2019.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region