【非洲·摩洛哥】坦坦地区的木赛姆牧民大会 Moussem of Tan-Tan（2008年）

“摩洛哥西南部Tan Tan的Moussem是撒哈拉游牧民族的年度聚会，聚集了来自摩洛哥南部和非洲西北部其他地区的30多个部落。最初这是一个每年5月左右的活动。这些聚会是游牧民族农历和放牧历的一部分，是有机会聚在一起，购买、销售和交换食品和其他产品，组织骆驼和马的繁殖比赛，庆祝婚礼和咨询草药医生。Moussem还包括一系列文化表达方式，如音乐表演、流行吟诵、游戏、诗歌比赛和其他哈桑口头传统。

1963年，这些集会采取了Moussem（一种具有经济、文化和社会功能的年度博览会）的形式，当时举办了Tan Tan的第一届Moussem，以推广当地传统，并提供交流、会面和庆祝的场所。据说Moussem最初与抵抗法国-西班牙占领的穆罕默德·拉赫达夫（Mohamed Laghdaf）有关。他于1960年去世，他的陵墓位于小镇附近。然而，在1979年至2004年间，由于该地区的安全问题，不可能举行Moussem会议。

今天，游牧民族特别关心保护他们的生活方式。该地区的经济和技术动荡深刻地改变了游牧贝都因社区的生活方式，迫使其中许多人定居下来。此外，城市化和农村人口外流导致这些人口传统文化的许多方面，如手工艺和诗歌的丧失。由于这些风险，贝多因人社区强烈依赖更新的Tan-Tan Moussem来帮助他们确保他们的专业技能和传统的生存。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The Moussem of Tan-Tan in southwest Morocco is an annual gathering of nomadic peoples of the Sahara that brings together more than thirty tribes from southern Morocco and other parts of northwest Africa. Originally this was an annual event around the month of May. Part of the agricultural and herding calendar of the nomads, these gatherings were an opportunity to group together, buy, sell and exchange foodstuffs and other products, organize camel and horse-breeding competitions, celebrate weddings and consult herbalists. The Moussem also included a range of cultural expressions such as musical performances, popular chanting, games, poetry contests and other Hassanie oral traditions.

These gatherings took the form of a Moussem (a type of annual fair with economic, cultural and social functions) in 1963 when the first Moussem of Tan-Tan was organized to promote local traditions and provide a place for exchange, meeting and celebration. The Moussem is said to have been initially associated with Mohamed Laghdaf, who resisted the Franco-Spanish occupation. He died in 1960, and his tomb lies near the town. However, between 1979 and 2004 it was not possible to hold the Moussem because of security problems in the region.

Today, the nomadic populations are particularly concerned to protect their way of life. Economic and technical upheavals in the region have profoundly altered the lifestyle of the nomadic Bedouin communities, forcing many of them to settle. Moreover, urbanization and rural exodus have contributed to the loss of many aspects of the traditional culture of these populations, such as crafts and poetry. Because of these risks, Bedouin communities rely strongly on the renewed Moussem of Tan-Tan to assist them in ensuring the survival of their know-how and traditions.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region