【非洲·摩洛哥】特布里达 Tbourida（2021年）

Tbourida（特布里达）是一种摩洛哥马术表演，可以追溯到16世纪。它模拟了一系列的阅兵式，根据祖传的阿拉伯阿马齐格习俗和仪式进行重建。每一个特伯里达都由一个由奇数名骑手和马匹组成的剧团表演（15至25人）。骑手们排成一排，中间是队伍的首领。他们通常会给这件事赋予精神上的意义，事先进行洗礼和集体祈祷。在领队的指挥下，骑手和马匹进行由两个主要部分组成的游行。第一种是hadda，即敬礼，骑手以小跑进入球场，进行杂技手臂训练，然后在起点重新定位。接下来是塔尔卡，剧团再次疾驰出发，用步枪发射一轮子弹，模拟集体出战。骑手们穿着当时的服装和配饰，包括头巾、褶皱服装和东方拖鞋。他们还带着一小本《古兰经》和一把古老的阿拉伯剑。马用传统方式缝制和装饰的材料系上缰绳和鞍。骑手的习俗和服装代表着他们的部落或地区，通过口头传统和观察，在家庭中代代相传。

2021年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心+E33

Tbourida is a Moroccan equestrian performance dating back to the sixteenth century. It simulates a succession of military parades, reconstructed according to ancestral Arab-Amazigh conventions and rituals. Each tbourida is performed by a troupe made up of an odd number of riders and horses (between 15 and 25). The riders line up side by side, with the leader of the troupe in the middle. They often give spiritual significance to the event, performing ablutions and praying collectively beforehand. Under the direction of the leader, the riders and horses perform a parade composed of two principal parts. The first is the hadda, or salute, in which the riders enter the course at a trot and perform an acrobatic arms drill, then reposition themselves at the starting point. This is followed by the talqa, in which the troupes set off again at a gallop and fire a round of blanks from their rifles, simulating a collective departure for war. The riders wear period costumes and accessories, including a turban, draped clothing and oriental slippers. They also carry a small copy of the Koran and an ancient Arab sword. The horses are bridled and saddled with material sewn and decorated in the traditional manner. The riders’ customs and costumes represent their tribe or region, and transmission takes place from generation to generation within families, through oral traditions and by observation.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2021.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region