【非洲·刚果】刚果伦巴 Congolese rumba（2021年）

刚果伦巴是刚果民主共和国和刚果共和国城市地区常见的音乐类型和舞蹈。这是一种多文化的表达形式，通常由一对男女舞者跳舞，起源于一种名为伦巴（在Kikongo中意为“腰”）的古老舞蹈。伦巴在私人、公共和宗教场所用于庆祝和哀悼。它由专业和业余管弦乐队、唱诗班、舞蹈演员和个别音乐家表演，女性在宗教和浪漫主义风格的发展中发挥了主导作用。刚果伦巴传统通过社区俱乐部、正规培训学校和社区组织传给年轻一代。例如，伦巴音乐家维持俱乐部和学徒艺术家，以进行乐器的练习和制造。伦巴舞还发挥着重要的经济作用，因为乐团越来越多地发展旨在减少贫困的文化创业精神。伦巴被认为是刚果人民及其散居者身份的重要和代表性部分。它被视为传达该地区社会和文化价值观以及促进代际和社会凝聚力与团结的一种手段。

2021年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Congolese rumba is a musical genre and a dance common in urban areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo. Generally danced by a male-female couple, it is a multicultural form of expression originating from an ancient dance called nkumba (meaning ‘waist’ in Kikongo). The rumba is used for celebration and mourning, in private, public and religious spaces. It is performed by professional and amateur orchestras, choirs, dancers and individual musicians, and women have played a predominant role in the development of religious and romantic styles. The tradition of Congolese rumba is passed down to younger generations through neighbourhood clubs, formal training schools and community organisations. For instance, rumba musicians maintain clubs and apprentice artists to carry on the practice and the manufacture of instruments. The rumba also plays an important economic role, as orchestras are increasingly developing cultural entrepreneurship aimed at reducing poverty. The rumba is considered an essential and representative part of the identity of Congolese people and its diaspora. It is perceived as a means of conveying the social and cultural values of the region and of promoting intergenerational and social cohesion and solidarity.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2021.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region