【欧洲·法国】法国传统马术 Equitation in the French tradition（2011年）

马术在法国传统中是一种马术流派，强调人与马之间的和谐关系。基本的马匹训练原则和过程以非暴力和缺乏约束为指导，将人类的需求与对马匹身体和情绪的尊重结合起来。对动物本身（生理学、心理学、解剖学）和人性（情感和身体）的了解，由骑手的心境来补充，这种心境结合了技巧和对马的尊重。运动的流动性和关节的灵活性确保了马在没有强迫的情况下参与运动。虽然在法国和其他地方都有实践，但最广为人知的社区是位于国家马术学校的索穆尔黑干部。骑手们的共同点是希望与马建立密切关系，建立相互尊重，努力实现“轻盈”。几代人之间的合作是强有力的，他们尊重年长车手的经验，年轻车手的热情激发了他们的热情。索穆尔地区也是教官、马匹饲养者、工匠（马鞍工、靴匠）、兽医服务和铁匠的家园。萨乌穆尔的黑人干部经常举办公开展览和庆祝活动，这有助于维持法国传统中马术的知名度。

2011年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Equitation in the French tradition is a school of horseback riding that emphasizes harmonious relations between humans and horses. The fundamental horse-training principles and processes are guided by non-violence and lack of constraint, blending human demands with respect for the horse’s body and mood. Knowledge of the animal itself (physiology, psychology, anatomy) and human nature (emotions and the body) , are complemented by a horseman’s state of mind that combines skill and respect for the horse. Fluidity of movements and flexibility of joints ensure that the horse participates in the exercises without coercion. Although practised throughout France and elsewhere, the most widely known community is the Cadre Noir of Saumur, based at the National School of Equitation. The common denominator among riders is the desire to establish close relations with the horse, build mutual respect and work towards achieving ‘lightness’. Cooperation between generations is strong, with respect for the experience of older riders, galvanized by the enthusiasm of younger riders. The Saumur region is also home to instructors, horse breeders, craftspeople (saddlers, boot-makers), veterinary services and blacksmiths. Frequent public displays and galas hosted by the Cadre Noir of Saumur help to sustain the visibility of equitation in the French tradition.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2011.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region