【亚洲·土耳其】湿拓，土耳其大理石花纹纸艺术 Ebru, Turkish art of marbling（2014年）

Ebru是一种传统的土耳其艺术，它将彩色颜料洒在一盆油状水上，然后将图案转移到纸上，从而创造出彩色图案。这些图案和效果被称为大理石花纹，包括花朵、树叶、装饰物、格子、清真寺和月亮，在传统的装订艺术中用于装饰。医生使用自然方法从天然色素中提取颜色，然后与几滴牛胆（一种天然酸）混合，然后将颜色喷洒并刷到浓缩液中，在那里它们漂浮并形成漩涡图案。Eru艺术家、学徒和实践者认为他们的艺术是他们传统文化、身份和生活方式的一个组成部分。他们的知识和技能，以及这门艺术背后的理念，通过口头和师徒关系中的非正式实践培训进行传播。在Ebru学习基本技能至少需要两年时间。这一传统不受年龄、性别或种族的限制，在赋予妇女权力和改善社区关系方面发挥着重要作用。欧洲复兴开发银行的集体艺术通过友好对话鼓励对话，加强社会联系，加强个人和社区之间的关系。

2014年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Ebru is the traditional Turkish art of creating colourful patterns by sprinkling and brushing colour pigments onto a pan of oily water and then transferring the patterns to paper. Known as marbling, the designs and effects include flowers, foliage, ornamentation, latticework, mosques and moons, and are used for decoration in the traditional art of bookbinding. The practitioner uses natural methods to extract colours from natural pigments, which are then mixed with a few drops of ox-gall, a kind of natural acid, before sprinkling and brushing the colours onto a preparation of condensed liquid, where they float and form swirling patterns. Ebru artists, apprentices and practitioners consider their art to be an integral part of their traditional culture, identity and lifestyle. Their knowledge and skills, as well as the philosophy behind this art, are transmitted orally and through informal practical training within master-apprentice relationships. Achieving basic skills in Ebru takes at least two years. The tradition is practised without barrier of age, gender or ethnicity, and plays a significant role in the empowerment of women and the improvement of community relationships. The collective art of Ebru encourages dialogue through friendly conversation, reinforces social ties and strengthens relations between individuals and communities.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2014.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region