【欧洲·冰岛】北欧叠板船传统 Nordic clinker boat traditions（2021年）

北欧熟料船是一种小型、开放的木船，长度在5到10米之间。近两千年来，北欧地区的人们（包括芬兰、挪威和瑞典的土著萨米人，以及挪威的克文斯人、瑞典的托尔内达利人和芬兰讲瑞典语的人等少数民族）一直在使用相同的基本技术建造熟料船：薄木板固定在龙骨和船身的主干上茎和重叠的木板用金属铆钉、树木或绳子固定在一起。船壳用框架加固。造船者强调，要获得建造传统船只所需的知识和技能，需要很长时间。在过去，从很小的时候就开始与大师一起训练是很常见的，学习这个行业需要长达十年的时间。作为北欧共同海岸遗产的象征，熟料船传统上用于捕鱼、运输材料和人员。如今，它们主要用于传统节日、帆船赛和体育赛事，尽管约有1000人通过生产、维护或使用熟料船来维持全部或部分生活。传统包括社会实践。例如，一旦完成，船只可能会在仪式上被带到水里，在那里他们会被命名并祝好运；帆船和划船时可以唱传统歌曲。

2021年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Nordic clinker boats are small, open, wooden boats between five and ten metres long. For almost two millennia, the people of the Nordic region (including the indigenous Sami peoples in Finland, Norway and Sweden and minority groups such as the Kvens in Norway, the Tornedalians in Sweden and the Swedish-speaking population in Finland) have been building clinker boats using the same basic techniques: thin planks are fastened to a backbone of the keel and stems, and the overlapping planks are fastened together with metal rivets, treenails or rope. The shell of the boat is strengthened with frames. Clinker boat builders emphasize the long time it takes to acquire the knowledge and skills for building traditional boats. In the past, it was common to start training with a master from a young age, and it would take up to ten years to learn the trade. A symbol of common Nordic coastal heritage, clinker boats were traditionally used for fishing and to transport materials and people. Today, they are primarily used in traditional festivities, regattas and sporting events, even though about a thousand persons make a full or partial living through the production, maintenance or use of clinker boats. Clinker boat traditions include social practices. For instance, once finished, boats may be ceremonially carried to the water where they are then given a name and wished good fortune; traditional songs may be sung during sailing and rowing.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2021.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region