【欧洲·乌克兰】奥伊内克，克里米亚鞑靼饰物及相关知识 Ornek, a Crimean Tatar ornament and knowledge about it（2021年）

Örnek（奥伊内克）是乌克兰的一个符号及其含义系统，目前用于刺绣、编织、陶器、雕刻、珠宝、木雕、玻璃和壁画。这些符号的排列是为了创造一种叙事结构。克里米亚鞑靼人理解这些符号的含义，并经常委托工匠创作具有特定含义的作品。几何装饰主要用于编织，而花卉装饰则用于所有其他民间工艺品，包括克里米亚鞑靼人传统上不使用的工艺品，如玻璃画、壁画或帆布壁画。常见的符号包括植物和树木，象征着不同性别和年龄的人。总共有大约35个符号，每个符号都有其独特的含义和内涵。例如，玫瑰象征已婚女子，白杨或柏树象征成年男子，郁金香象征年轻男子，杏仁象征未婚女子或女孩。康乃馨象征着老年人、智慧和生活经历。独特的调色板和符号组合始终强调花卉装饰的象征意义。例如，玫瑰中的郁金香象征着男女的爱或结合。许多符号被用作护身符。相关的知识和技能由家庭和社区内的熟练工匠在非正式环境（如刺绣课程）和正式环境（如大学）中传播。

2021年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Örnek is a Ukrainian system of symbols and their meanings, currently used in embroidery, weaving, pottery, engraving, jewellery, wood carving, and glass and wall painting. The symbols are arranged to create a narrative composition. The Crimean Tatar communities understand the meaning of the symbols and often commission artisans to create certain compositions with specific meanings. Geometric ornaments are primarily used in weaving, whereas floral ornaments are used in all other folk crafts, including those not traditionally practised by Crimean Tatars, such as glass painting, wall painting or canvas wall art. Common symbols include plants and trees, symbolizing people of different genders and ages. There are around thirty-five symbols in total, each with its unique meaning and connotations. For instance, a rose symbolizes a married woman, a poplar or cypress symbolizes an adult man, a tulip symbolizes a young man, and an almond symbolizes an unmarried woman or girl. A carnation symbolizes an older person, wisdom and life experience. The symbolism of the floral ornaments is always emphasized by the unique colour palette and symbol combinations. For instance, a tulip within a rose symbolizes the love or union of a man and a woman. Many symbols are used as protective charms. The associated knowledge and skills are transmitted by skilled artisans within families and communities, in informal contexts such as embroidery classes, and in formal contexts such as universities.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2021.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region