【欧洲·乌克兰】科索夫彩绘陶瓷传统 Tradition of Kosiv painted ceramics（2019年）

科西夫彩绘陶瓷的传统——包括盘子、仪式用品、玩具和瓷砖——兴起于18世纪，在19世纪中期达到黄金时代。这些产品是用当地的灰色粘土制成的，用奶油质地的白色粘土浇水；干燥后，使用金属棒刮涂技术绘制出图形轮廓图。然后将它们烧制并涂上金属氧化物，以产生传统的绿色和黄色，这是陶瓷不可或缺的特征。有时，大师们会添加一点钴，但不会失去传统的着色效果。在烧制过程中，绿色染料扩散以产生水彩画效果，通常称为“眼泪”。科西夫陶瓷的主要特点是装饰物的形象化设计。情节主题表达了胡苏尔人的历史、生活、民俗、信仰和习俗，以及周围的动植物群。这些陶瓷用于日常生活，具有实用价值和艺术价值。大师们在家庭作坊和小型工艺作坊工作，这种做法构成了一种身份标记和与社区联系的标志。科西夫学院艺术陶瓷系确保了一代又一代大师和传承人的延续性，并对维持传统、保护传统技术循环（陶轮、粘土、工具和陶窑）负有特殊责任。

2019年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The tradition of Kosiv painted ceramics – which include dishes, ceremonial items, toys and tiles – arose in the 18th century, reaching its golden age in the mid-19th century. The products are made using local grey clay, watered with a white clay of creamy texture; when dried, they are painted using a metal stick scratching technique to form a graphical contour drawing. They are then fired and painted with metal oxides to produce the traditional green and yellow colors, an indispensable feature of the ceramics. Sometimes, masters add a little cobalt, but not so much as to lose the traditional colouring. During the firing, the green dye spreads to create the watercolour effect, usually called ‘tears’. The main feature of Kosiv ceramics is the figurative design of the ornament. The plot motif expresses the history, life, folklore, beliefs and customs of the Hutsuls, and surrounding flora and fauna. The ceramics are used in everyday life and have a practical and artistic value. Masters work in family workshops and small craft workshops and the practice constitutes an identity marker and sign of affiliation with the community. The Department of Art Ceramics of Kosiv College ensures the continuity of generations of masters and bearers and has a special responsibility for sustaining the tradition, preserving the traditional technological cycle (potter’s wheels, clay, tools and pottery kilns).

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2019.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region