【欧洲·保加利亚】保加利亚西南部村庄多伦和萨托夫查的维索科多声部合唱 Visoko multipart singing from Dolen and Satovcha, South-western Bulgaria（2021年）

Visoko是保加利亚布拉戈夫格勒地区的Dolen和Satovcha村庄特有的一种多声部歌唱的传统做法。维索科有三种典型的多声部歌曲：低音、高音和两者的结合。低声歌唱由两个发声部分组成。高音演唱也包括两个声部，但其特点是两个声音反复呼喊，比基调高一个八度。这些叫喊声之后是向下滑动和低声吟诵歌词。第三种类型的维索科歌曲需要结合低音和高音的演唱，包括所有四个声乐部分。维索科的歌词通常会唤起人们对大自然的回忆。在过去，维索科歌曲，也被称为夏季歌曲，是由在野外工作的妇女演唱的。在锄地或收割时，一群妇女从一块地里喊出维索科的歌，另一组则从另一块地里回答。今天，Visoko的主要表演者是来自两个村庄社区中心的歌唱团体中的妇女和女孩。这种高调的多声部歌唱是多伦和萨托夫查社区的一个关键身份标志。这是一个宝贵的传统，使他们有别于邻近的村庄。

2021年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Visoko is a traditional practice of multipart singing that is unique to the Bulgarian villages of Dolen and Satovcha in the Blagoevgrad region. There are three types of multipart songs typical of Visoko: low-pitched, high-pitched and a combination of the two. Low-pitched singing consists of sustained singing by two vocal parts. High-pitched singing also includes two vocal parts, but is characterized by repeated outcries from both voices, an octave above the basic tone. These outcries are followed by a downwards slide and a recitative uttering of the lyrics in the low register. The third type of Visoko song entails a combination of low-pitched and high-pitched singing, with all four vocal parts. Visoko lyrics typically evoke nature. In the past, visoko songs, also known as summer songs, were sung outdoors by women working in the fields. While hoeing or harvesting, a group of women called out Visoko songs from one field, and a second group replied from another. Today, the main performers of Visoko are women and girls in singing groups from community centres in the two villages. This high-pitched multipart singing is a key identity marker for the Dolen and Satovcha communities. It is a cherished tradition that distinguishes them from neighbouring villages.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2021.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region