【欧洲·保加利亚】奇普罗夫齐传统地毯织造技艺 The tradition of carpet-making in Chiprovtsi（2014年）

Kilimi是保加利亚东北部Chiprovtsi的妇女手工编织的地毯。镇上几乎每家每户都有一台立式手摇织机，妇女们用它制作传统上用作地板覆盖物的双面挂毯。织工用左手取几根经纱，将纬纱交织到经纱中，并用一个小搅拌器将织物拉紧。镇上的男人通常从事羊毛生产、加工和染色。天然染色的纱线给地毯带来柔和柔和的色调，而化学染料则带来更明亮的色调。成品地毯以其构图、装饰图案和颜色而闻名。地毯编织与信仰、语言公式和仪式实践密切相关。织工们在开始新地毯前祈祷并祝愿成功，在织布机前唱歌和讲故事。从母亲和祖母到女儿的传播过程是非正式的，通常是在大地毯上一起工作时。地毯编织深深融入了人们的社会和文化生活。最著名的装饰形式在整个社区被复制，甚至构成了该镇的纹章。

2014年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Kilimi are hand-woven carpets made by the women of Chiprovtsi in north-eastern Bulgaria. Almost every household in the town contains a vertical handloom, which the women use to make two-sided tapestries traditionally utilized as floor coverings. The weaver takes several threads of the warp with her left hand, interlaces the weft yarn into the warp and uses a small beater to tighten the weave. The men of the town typically engage in wool production, processing and dyeing. Naturally dyed yarn gives soft pastel carpet hues, while chemical dyes produce brighter shades. The finished carpets are renowned for their composition, ornamental motifs and colour. Carpet weaving goes hand in hand with beliefs, verbal formulae and ritual practices. The weavers say prayers and make wishes for success before starting a new carpet, and sing and tell stories while working at the loom. The process of transmission occurs informally from mothers and grandmothers to daughters, often while working together on large carpets. Carpet weaving is deeply integrated into the social and cultural life of the population. The best-known forms of ornamentation are reproduced throughout the community and even constitute the coat of arms of the town.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2014.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region