【欧洲·瑞士】巴塞尔狂欢节 Basel Carnival（2017年）
2022-04-01 14:00
巴塞尔狂欢节从火山灰星期三之后的星期一开始，持续整整72小时，是瑞士最大的狂欢节。周一和周三举行了两次游行，11000名身着盛装的狂欢者聚集在一起，游行队伍包括笛和鼓、花车和马车。星期二是专门为孩子们举办的音乐会和灯展，而其他活动也为节日增添了色彩。狂欢节可以比作一本大型讽刺杂志，所有的视觉或修辞手段都被用来取笑缺陷和错误。约有2万名不同年龄、社会地位、出身和政治信仰的人积极参加了这个节日，吸引了约20万瑞士和外国游客。执行者和从业者组成不同类型的协会，男女平等。嘉年华有助于社会凝聚力，通过社会批评促进宽容，并有助于保护当地方言。在几代人参与的家庭中，传播是非正式的。“派系”在这方面也发挥着重要作用，其中一些派系有一个专门鼓励下一代的部分。还组织了几场嘉年华会前活动，以便在嘉年华之外传播。由于社区采取的措施以及当局的持续支持，嘉年华会在过去几十年中得到了成功的保护。
2017年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。
来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心
Beginning on the Monday following Ash Wednesday and lasting exactly 72 hours, Basel Carnival is the largest carnival in Switzerland. Two parades take place on the Monday and Wednesday, bringing together 11,000 costumed carnivalists in parades of fife and drum cliques, floats and carriages. Tuesday is dedicated to children, with concerts and lantern exhibitions, while other events also punctuate the festival. The carnival can be compared to a huge satirical magazine where all visual or rhetorical means are used to make fun of flaws and blunders. Around 20,000 people of any age, social status, origin and political persuasion actively participate in the festival, which attracts around 200,000 Swiss and foreign visitors. The bearers and practitioners form associations of different types, composed equally of men and women. The carnival contributes to social cohesion, promotes tolerance through social criticism and helps safeguard the local dialect. Transmission occurs informally in families taking part for several generations. The ‘cliques’ also play an important role in this regard, with several having a section dedicated to encouraging the next generation. Several pre-carnival events are also organized, allowing for transmission beyond the carnival. The carnival has been successfully safeguarded over past decades thanks to measures taken by the communities as well as the authorities’ constant support.
Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2017.
Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region
