【欧洲·波黑】Zmijanje刺绣 Zmijanje embroidery（2014年）

Zmijanje刺绣是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那Zmijanje村庄的妇女采用的一种特殊技术。传统上，Zmijanje刺绣用于装饰女性服装和家居用品，包括婚纱、围巾、服装和床单。其主要特点是使用深蓝色线，用植物染料手工制作，绣出即兴的几何形状。刺绣图案的丰富性和多样性决定了农村妇女的社会地位。刺绣通常在一群妇女中间进行，她们一边唱歌一边聊天，一边做针线活。作为传播过程的一部分，每个刺绣师都会对所需的知识和技能进行调整和改造。这些知识主要在正规教育环境中通过口头和实际工作进行传达。学生通过观看经验丰富的刺绣师将预先确定的元素组合成多种变化，并通过定期和持续的练习来学习。Zmijanje刺绣融合了对多样性、创造力和非语言交流的尊重。它还具有情感和情感价值，尤其是对流离失所者而言，他们使用刺绣服装来表达民族和地方身份和自豪感。刺绣将许多文化遗产元素联系在一起，如音乐、仪式、口头传统、手工艺品和象征性表达。

2014年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Zmijanje embroidery is a specific technique practised by the women of Zmijanje villages in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Traditionally, Zmijanje embroidery is used to decorate female costumes and household items, including wedding dresses, scarves, garments and bed linen. The main characteristic is the use of a deep blue thread, handmade with vegetable dyes, to embroider improvised geometrical shapes. The richness and variations of the embroidered designs determine the social status of the village women. Embroidery is usually performed among groups of women, who engage in needlework while singing and chatting. Each embroiderer adapts and reinvents the required knowledge and skills, as part of the process of transmission. The knowledge is conveyed orally and through practical work, mostly in formal educational environments. Students learn by watching experienced embroiderers combine pre-determined elements into numerous variations, and through regular and continuous practice. Zmijanje embroidery incorporates respect for diversity, creativity and non-verbal communication. It also has a sentimental and emotional value particularly for displaced populations, who use embroidered garments as an expression of national and local identity and pride. Embroidery ties together many elements of cultural heritage, such as music, rituals, oral traditions, handicrafts and symbolic expressions.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2014.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region