【美洲·秘鲁】每年更新凯世瓦恰卡吊桥的知识、技术和仪式 Knowledge, skills and rituals related to the annual renewal of the Q’eswachaka bridge（2013年）

克斯瓦查卡大桥是一座绳索悬索桥，横跨安第斯山脉南部阿普里马克河峡谷。它每年都在更新，使用传统的印加技术和原材料。Huinchiri、Chaupibanda、Choccayhua和Ccolana-Quehue的讲魁丘亚语的农民社区将其视为加强社会联系的一种手段，而不仅仅是一条交通路线。这座桥被认为是社区与自然、传统和历史联系的神圣表达，每年的更新都伴随着仪式。虽然更新只持续三天，但它全年都在构建参与社区的生活，建立沟通，加强数百年的纽带，并重申他们的文化身份。这个过程始于家庭切割和扭曲稻草，形成约70米长的细绳子。然后，两名桥梁建设者指导将它们缠绕在一起，形成中等大小的绳索，然后编织成六条大绳索。当这些都准备好了，社区的男人们把绳子紧紧地绑在古老的石头基座上。然后，工匠们从两端开始编织桥梁。活动结束后，社区会举行庆祝活动。桥梁编织技术是在家庭圈子里教授和学习的。

2013年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The Q’eswachaka bridge is a rope suspension bridge over a gorge of the Apurimac River in the southern Andes. It is renewed every year, using traditional Inca techniques and raw materials. The Quechua-speaking peasant communities of Huinchiri, Chaupibanda, Choccayhua and Ccollana Quehue see it as a means of strengthening their social links and not simply as a transport route. The bridge is considered a sacred expression of the communities’ bond with nature, tradition and history, and the annual renewal is accompanied by ritual ceremonies. Although the renewal lasts only three days, it structures the life of the participating communities all year round, establishing communication, strengthening centuries-old bonds and reaffirming their cultural identity. The process begins with families cutting and twisting straw to form thin ropes about 70 m long. Two bridge-builders then guide the process of twisting them together to form medium-sized ropes, which are then braided to form six great ropes. When these are ready, men from the community tie the ropes tightly to ancient stone bases. The craftspeople then lead the weaving of the bridge, each starting from opposite ends. Once finished, the communities hold a celebratory festival. The techniques of bridge weaving are taught and learned within the family circle.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2013.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region