【美洲·阿根廷】恰马梅 Chamamé（2020年）

Chamamé是一种流行文化表达形式，主要在科伦特斯省使用。它的关键组成部分包括一种“紧密拥抱”舞蹈风格，参与者彼此胸前紧抱，不做固定的舞蹈动作，跟着音乐走。其他元素还包括musiqueada，这是一种庆祝行为，包括派对、祈祷和祈祷，一种典型的发声或哭泣，伴随着手势和动作，以传达喜悦、悲伤、痛苦和勇敢等情绪。小提琴和维胡埃拉是查玛美音乐中最初使用的乐器，但吉他、口琴、两排全音速按钮手风琴、bandoneon和低音提琴后来被合并使用。这种歌唱植根于崇拜歌曲。历史上，歌词和诗歌都是用当地的母语瓜拉尼语写成的，但今天，口头传统是用尤帕拉方言传播的，这是西班牙语和瓜拉尼语的组合。查玛米音乐和舞蹈是地区身份的重要组成部分，并发挥着重要的社会作用，因为它们是社区和家庭聚会、宗教庆典和其他节日活动的共同特征。查马美强调了对土地、当地动植物、宗教信仰和“存在方式”等价值观，这是瓜拉尼语的一种表达方式，指向人类、自然和精神领域之间的和谐。

2020年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Chamamé is a form of popular cultural expression that is mainly practised in the Corrientes province. Its key components include a style of ‘close embrace’ dancing where participants hold each other chest to chest and follow the music without set choreography. Other elements include musiqueada, a celebratory act that includes a party, prayer and sapukay, a typical phonation or cry accompanied by gestures and movements to convey emotions such as joy, sadness, pain, and bravery. The violin and vihuela were the original instruments used in Chamamé music, but the guitar, harmonica, two-row diatonic button accordion, bandoneon and double bass were later incorporated. The singing is rooted in worship songs. Historically, lyrics and poetry were in Guarani, the regional native language, but today, oral traditions are transmitted in the yopará dialect, a combination of Spanish and Guarani. Chamamé music and dancing are an important part of the regional identity and play major social roles as they are common features of community and family gatherings, religious celebrations, and other festive events. Chamamé highlights values such as love for one’s land, local fauna and flora, religious devotion and a ‘way of being,’ a Guarani expression pointing to the harmony between the human, natural and spiritual realms.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2020.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region.